在C ++中,模板用于创建通用的函数和类。因此,我们可以使用模板使用任何类型的数据,例如int,char,float或某些用户定义的数据。
在本节中,我们将看到如何使用模板专门化。因此,现在我们可以为不同类型的数据定义一些通用模板。还有一些特殊的模板功能,用于特殊类型的数据。让我们看一些例子以获得更好的主意。
#include<iostream> using namespace std; template<typename T> void my_function(T x) { cout << "This is generalized template: The given value is: " << x << endl; } template<> void my_function(char x) { cout << "This is specialized template (Only for characters): The given value is: " << x << endl; } main() { my_function(10); my_function(25.36); my_function('F'); my_function("Hello"); }
输出结果
This is generalized template: The given value is: 10 This is generalized template: The given value is: 25.36 This is specialized template (Only for characters): The given value is: F This is generalized template: The given value is: Hello
也可以为类创建模板专用化。让我们通过创建通用类和专用类来查看一个示例。
#include<iostream> using namespace std; template<typename T> class MyClass { public: MyClass() { cout << "This is constructor of generalized class " << endl; } }; template<> class MyClass <char>{ public: MyClass() { cout << "This is constructor of specialized class (Only for characters)" << endl; } }; main() { MyClass<int> ob_int; MyClass<float> ob_float; MyClass<char> ob_char; MyClass<string> ob_string; }
输出结果
This is constructor of generalized class This is constructor of generalized class This is constructor of specialized class (Only for characters) This is constructor of generalized class