字符串是一维字符数组,以空字符结尾。字符串中可以有许多元音,辅音,数字和空格。
例如。
String: There are 7 colours in the rainbow Vowels: 12 Consonants: 15 Digits: 1 White spaces: 6
给出一个查找字符串中元音,辅音,数字和空格的程序,如下所示。
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { char str[] = {"Abracadabra 123"}; int vowels, consonants, digits, spaces; vowels = consonants = digits = spaces = 0; for(int i = 0; str[i]!='\0'; ++i) { if(str[i]=='a' || str[i]=='e' || str[i]=='i' || str[i]=='o' || str[i]=='u' || str[i]=='A' || str[i]=='E' || str[i]=='I' || str[i]=='O' || str[i]=='U') { ++vowels; } else if((str[i]>='a'&& str[i]<='z') || (str[i]>='A'&& str[i]<='Z')) { ++consonants; } else if(str[i]>='0' && str[i]<='9') { ++digits; } else if (str[i]==' ') { ++spaces; } } cout << "The string is: " << str << endl; cout << "Vowels: " << vowels << endl; cout << "Consonants: " << consonants << endl; cout << "Digits: " << digits << endl; cout << "White spaces: " << spaces << endl; return 0; }
输出结果
The string is: Abracadabra 123 Vowels: 5 Consonants: 6 Digits: 3 White spaces: 1
在上面的程序中,变量元音,辅音,数字和空格用于存储字符串中的元音,辅音,数字和空格的数量。for循环用于检查字符串的每个字符。如果该字符是元音,则元音变量将增加1。辅音,数字和空格相同。演示此代码段如下。
for(int i = 0; str[i]!='\0'; ++i) { if(str[i]=='a' || str[i]=='e' || str[i]=='i' || str[i]=='o' || str[i]=='u' || str[i]=='A' || str[i]=='E' || str[i]=='I' || str[i]=='O' || str[i]=='U') { ++vowels; } else if((str[i]>='a'&& str[i]<='z') || (str[i]>='A'&& str[i]<='Z')) { ++consonants; } else if(str[i]>='0' && str[i]<='9') { ++digits; } else if (str[i]==' ') { ++spaces; } }
计算出字符串中元音,辅音,数字和空格的出现之后,将它们显示出来。在下面的代码片段中显示了这一点。
The string is: Abracadabra 123 Vowels: 5 Consonants: 6 Digits: 3 White spaces: 1