线程二叉树是提供以特定顺序遍历树的工具的二叉树。
它使顺序遍历更快，并且无需堆栈也无需递归。有两种类型的线程二叉树。
单线程每个节点都向左或向右线程，表示顺序的前任或后继。在这里，所有正确的空指针将指向有序的后继者，或者所有剩余的空指针将指向有序的前任。
双线程每个节点都向左和向右线程，这意味着顺序的前任和后继。在这里，所有正确的空指针将指向有序的后继者，所有剩余的空指针将指向有序的前任。
这是一个用于实现线程二叉树的C ++程序。
insert()Insert node as root if tree is completely empty. Otherwise, if newnode < current node then Go to left thread and set the newnode as left child. else Go to right thread and set the newnode as right child.
search()If search key < root then Go to left thread else Go to right thread
delete()查找节点及其父级。对于删除节点，有三种情况-
有两个孩子的节点。
独生子。
有唯一的孩子。
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#define MAX_VALUE 65536
using namespace std;
class N { //node declaration
public:
int k;
N *l, *r;
bool leftTh, rightTh;
};
class ThreadedBinaryTree {
private:
N *root;
public:
ThreadedBinaryTree() { //constructor to initialize the variables
root= new N();
root->r= root->l= root;
root->leftTh = true;
root->k = MAX_VALUE;
}
void makeEmpty() { //clear tree
root= new N();
root->r = root->l = root;
root->leftTh = true;
root->k = MAX_VALUE;
}
void insert(int key) {
N *p = root;
for (;;) {
if (p->k< key) { / /move to right thread
if (p->rightTh)
break;
p = p->r;
} else if (p->k > key) { // move to left thread
if (p->leftTh)
break;
p = p->l;
} else {
return;
}
}
N *temp = new N();
temp->k = key;
temp->rightTh= temp->leftTh= true;
if (p->k < key) {
temp->r = p->r;
temp->l= p;
p->r = temp;
p->rightTh= false;
} else {
temp->r = p;
temp->l = p->l;
p->l = temp;
p->leftTh = false;
}
}
bool search(int key) {
N *temp = root->l;
for (;;) {
if (temp->k < key) { //search in left thread
if (temp->rightTh)
return false;
temp = temp->r;
} else if (temp->k > key) { //search in right thread
if (temp->leftTh)
return false;
temp = temp->l;
} else {
return true;
}
}
}
void Delete(int key) {
N *dest = root->l, *p = root;
for (;;) { //find Node and its parent.
if (dest->k < key) {
if (dest->rightTh)
return;
p = dest;
dest = dest->r;
} else if (dest->k > key) {
if (dest->leftTh)
return;
p = dest;
dest = dest->l;
} else {
break;
}
}
N *target = dest;
if (!dest->rightTh && !dest->leftTh) {
p = dest; //has two children
target = dest->l; //largest node at left child
while (!target->rightTh) {
p = target;
target = target->r;
}
dest->k= target->k; //replace mode
}
if (p->k >= target->k) { //only left child
if (target->rightTh && target->leftTh) {
p->l = target->l;
p->leftTh = true;
} else if (target->rightTh) {
N*largest = target->l;
while (!largest->rightTh) {
largest = largest->r;
}
largest->r = p;
p->l= target->l;
} else {
N *smallest = target->r;
while (!smallest->leftTh) {
smallest = smallest->l;
}
smallest->l = target->l;
p->l = target->r;
}
} else {//only right child
if (target->rightTh && target->leftTh) {
p->r= target->r;
p->rightTh = true;
} else if (target->rightTh) {
N *largest = target->l;
while (!largest->rightTh) {
largest = largest->r;
}
largest->r= target->r;
p->r = target->l;
} else {
N *smallest = target->r;
while (!smallest->leftTh) {
smallest = smallest->l;
}
smallest->l= p;
p->r= target->r;
}
}
}
void displayTree() { //print the tree
N *temp = root, *p;
for (;;) {
p = temp;
temp = temp->r;
if (!p->rightTh) {
while (!temp->leftTh) {
temp = temp->l;
}
}
if (temp == root)
break;
cout<<temp->k<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
};
int main() {
ThreadedBinaryTree tbt;
cout<<"ThreadedBinaryTree\n";
char ch;
int c, v;
while(1) {
cout<<"1. Insert "<<endl;
cout<<"2. Delete"<<endl;
cout<<"3. Search"<<endl;
cout<<"4. Clear"<<endl;
cout<<"5. Display"<<endl;
cout<<"6. Exit"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter Your Choice: ";
cin>>c;
//执行开关操作
switch (c) {
case 1 :
cout<<"Enter integer element to insert: ";
cin>>v;
tbt.insert(v);
break;
case 2 :
cout<<"Enter integer element to delete: ";
cin>>v;
tbt.Delete(v);
break;
case 3 :
cout<<"Enter integer element to search: ";
cin>>v;
if (tbt.search(v) == true)
cout<<"Element "<<v<<" found in the tree"<<endl;
else
cout<<"Element "<<v<<" not found in the tree"<<endl;
break;
case 4 :
cout<<"\nTree Cleared\n";
tbt.makeEmpty();
break;
case 5:
cout<<"Display tree: \n ";
tbt.displayTree();
break;
case 6:
exit(1);
default:
cout<<"\nInvalid type! \n";
}
}
cout<<"\n";
return 0;
}输出结果
ThreadedBinaryTree 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 1 Enter integer element to insert: 10 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 1 Enter integer element to insert: 7 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 1 Enter integer element to insert: 6 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 1 Enter integer element to insert: 4 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 1 Enter integer element to insert: 5 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 1 Enter integer element to insert: 3 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 5 Display tree 3 4 5 6 7 10 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 3 Enter integer element to search: 7 Element 7 found in the tree 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 3 Enter integer element to search: 1 Element 1 not found in the tree 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 2 Enter integer element to delete: 3 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 5 Display tree 4 5 6 7 10 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 4 Tree Cleared 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 5 Display tree 1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Search 4. Clear 5. Display 6. Exit Enter Your Choice: 6