例外是程序执行期间发生的问题(运行时错误)。发生异常时,程序会突然终止,并且生成异常的行之后的代码将永远不会执行。
import java.util.Scanner; public class ExceptionExample { public static void main(String args[]) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter first number: "); int a = sc.nextInt(); System.out.println("Enter second number: "); int b = sc.nextInt(); int c = a/b; System.out.println("The result is: "+c); } }
输出结果
Enter first number: 100 Enter second number: 0 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at ExceptionExample.main(ExceptionExample.java:10)
您可以使用Java创建自己的异常。
所有例外必须是Throwable的子级。
如果要编写由Handle或Delare Rule自动执行的已检查异常,则需要扩展Exception类。
如果要编写运行时异常,则需要扩展RuntimeException类。
要创建用户定义的异常,请扩展上述类之一。要显示消息,请重写toString()方法,或者通过以String格式传递消息来调用超类参数化的构造函数。
AgeDoesnotMatchException(String msg){ super(msg); } Or, public String toString(){ return "CustomException[Age is not between 17 and 24]"; }
然后,在需要引发此异常的其他类中,创建创建的自定义异常类的对象,然后使用throw关键字引发该异常。
MyException ex = new MyException (); If(condition……….){ throw ex; }
在下面的Java程序中,我们将创建一个名为AgeDoesnotMatchException的自定义异常类。
public class AgeDoesnotMatchException extends Exception{ (String msg){ super(msg); } }
另一个类Student包含两个私有变量名称age和一个初始化实例变量的参数化构造函数。
作为主要方法,我们接受用户的姓名和年龄值,并通过传递接受的值来初始化Student类。
在Student类的构造函数中,我们创建了一个异常AgeDoesnotMatchException的对象, 并在年龄值介于17到24之间时引发了异常(使用throws)。
public class Student extends RuntimeException { private String name; private int age; public Student(String name, int age){ try { if (age<17||age>24) { String msg = "Age is not between 17 and 24"; AgeDoesnotMatchException ex = new AgeDoesnotMatchException(msg); throw ex; } } catch(AgeDoesnotMatchException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } this.name = name; this.age = age; } public void display(){ System.out.println("Name of the Student: "+this.name ); System.out.println("Age of the Student: "+this.age ); } public static void main(String args[]) { Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the name of the Student: "); String name = sc.next(); System.out.println("Enter the age of the Student should be 17 to 24 (including 17 and 24): "); int age = sc.nextInt(); Student obj = new Student(name, age); obj.display(); } }
输出结果
在执行此程序时,您需要从键盘传递名称和年龄值。如果给定的年龄值id不在17到24之间,则发生异常,如下所示-
Enter the name of the Student: Krishna Enter the age of the Student should be 17 to 24 (including 17 and 24): 14 AgeDoesnotMatchException: Age is not between 17 and 24 Name of the Student: Krishna' Age of the Student: 14 at Student.<init>(Student.java:18) at Student.main(Student.java:39)