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Java 调用Restful API接口的几种方式(HTTPS)

摘要：最近有一个需求，为客户提供一些Restful API 接口，QA使用postman进行测试，但是postman的测试接口与java调用的相似但并不相同，于是想自己写一个程序去测试Restful API接口，由于使用的是HTTPS，所以还要考虑到对于HTTPS的处理。由于我也是首次使用Java调用restful接口，所以还要研究一番，自然也是查阅了一些资料。

分析：这个问题与模块之间的调用不同，比如我有两个模块front end 和back end，front end提供前台展示，back end提供数据支持。之前使用过Hession去把back end提供的服务注册成远程服务，在front end端可以通过这种远程服务直接调到back end的接口。但这对于一个公司自己的一个项目耦合性比较高的情况下使用，没有问题。但是如果给客户注册这种远程服务，似乎不太好，耦合性太高。所以就考虑用一下方式进行处理。

一、HttpClient

HttpClient大家也许比较熟悉但又比较陌生，熟悉是知道他可以远程调用比如请求一个URL，然后在response里获取到返回状态和返回信息，但是今天讲的稍微复杂一点，因为今天的主题是HTTPS，这个牵涉到证书或用户认证的问题。
确定使用HttpClient之后，查询相关资料，发现HttpClient的新版本与老版本不同，随然兼容老版本，但已经不提倡老版本是使用方式，很多都已经标记为过时的方法或类。今天就分别使用老版本4.2和最新版本4.5.3来写代码。

老版本4.2

需要认证

在准备证书阶段选择的是使用证书认证

package com.darren.test.https.v42; 
import java.io.File; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.security.KeyStore; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;  
public class HTTPSCertifiedClient extends HTTPSClient {  
  public HTTPSCertifiedClient() { 
 
  } 
 
  @Override 
  public void prepareCertificate() throws Exception { 
    // 获得密匙库 
    KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); 
    FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream( 
        new File("C:/Users/zhda6001/Downloads/software/xxx.keystore")); 
    // FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("C:/Users/zhda6001/Downloads/xxx.keystore")); 
    // 密匙库的密码 
    trustStore.load(instream, "password".toCharArray()); 
    // 注册密匙库 
    this.socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(trustStore); 
    // 不校验域名 
    socketFactory.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); 
  } 
}

跳过认证

在准备证书阶段选择的是跳过认证

package com.darren.test.https.v42;  
import java.security.cert.CertificateException; 
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; 
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; 
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; 
public class HTTPSTrustClient extends HTTPSClient { 
  public HTTPSTrustClient() { 
 
  } 
 
  @Override 
  public void prepareCertificate() throws Exception { 
    // 跳过证书验证 
    SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); 
    X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() { 
      @Override 
      public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { 
      } 
 
      @Override 
      public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { 
      } 
 
      @Override 
      public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { 
        return null; 
      } 
    }; 
    // 设置成已信任的证书 
    ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null); 
    // 穿件SSL socket 工厂，并且设置不检查host名称 
    this.socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx, SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); 
  } 
}

总结

现在发现这两个类都继承了同一个类HTTPSClient，并且HTTPSClient继承了DefaultHttpClient类，可以发现，这里使用了模板方法模式。

package com.darren.test.https.v42; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager; 
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme; 
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;  
public abstract class HTTPSClient extends DefaultHttpClient {  
  protected SSLSocketFactory socketFactory; 
 
  /** 
   * 初始化HTTPSClient 
   * 
   * @return 返回当前实例 
   * @throws Exception 
   */ 
  public HTTPSClient init() throws Exception { 
    this.prepareCertificate(); 
    this.regist(); 
 
    return this; 
  }  
  /** 
   * 准备证书验证 
   * 
   * @throws Exception 
   */ 
  public abstract void prepareCertificate() throws Exception; 
 
  /** 
   * 注册协议和端口, 此方法也可以被子类重写 
   */ 
  protected void regist() { 
    ClientConnectionManager ccm = this.getConnectionManager(); 
    SchemeRegistry sr = ccm.getSchemeRegistry(); 
    sr.register(new Scheme("https", 443, socketFactory)); 
  } 
}

下边是工具类

package com.darren.test.https.v42;  
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.List; 
import java.util.Map; 
import java.util.Set; 
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; 
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; 
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase; 
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  
public class HTTPSClientUtil { 
  private static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";  
  public static String doPost(HTTPSClient httpsClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody) throws Exception { 
    return doPost(httpsClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody, DEFAULT_CHARSET); 
  } 
 
  public static String doPost(HTTPSClient httpsClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
 
    String result = null; 
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); 
    setHeader(httpPost, paramHeader); 
    setBody(httpPost, paramBody, charset); 
 
    HttpResponse response = httpsClient.execute(httpPost); 
    if (response != null) { 
      HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 
      if (resEntity != null) { 
        result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset); 
      } 
    } 
 
    return result; 
  } 
   
  public static String doGet(HTTPSClient httpsClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody) throws Exception { 
    return doGet(httpsClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody, DEFAULT_CHARSET); 
  } 
 
  public static String doGet(HTTPSClient httpsClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
 
    String result = null; 
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); 
    setHeader(httpGet, paramHeader); 
 
    HttpResponse response = httpsClient.execute(httpGet); 
    if (response != null) { 
      HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 
      if (resEntity != null) { 
        result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset); 
      } 
    } 
 
    return result; 
  } 
 
  private static void setHeader(HttpRequestBase request, Map<String, String> paramHeader) { 
    // 设置Header 
    if (paramHeader != null) { 
      Set<String> keySet = paramHeader.keySet(); 
      for (String key : keySet) { 
        request.addHeader(key, paramHeader.get(key)); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
 
  private static void setBody(HttpPost httpPost, Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
    // 设置参数 
    if (paramBody != null) { 
      List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); 
      Set<String> keySet = paramBody.keySet(); 
      for (String key : keySet) { 
        list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, paramBody.get(key))); 
      } 
 
      if (list.size() > 0) { 
        UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, charset); 
        httpPost.setEntity(entity); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
}

然后是测试类：

package com.darren.test.https.v42; 
import java.util.HashMap; 
import java.util.Map;  
public class HTTPSClientTest {  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 
    HTTPSClient httpsClient = null; 
 
    httpsClient = new HTTPSTrustClient().init(); 
    //httpsClient = new HTTPSCertifiedClient().init(); 
 
    String url = "https://1.2.6.2:8011/xxx/api/getToken"; 
    //String url = "https://1.2.6.2:8011/xxx/api/getHealth"; 
 
    Map<String, String> paramHeader = new HashMap<>(); 
    //paramHeader.put("Content-Type", "application/json"); 
    paramHeader.put("Accept", "application/xml"); 
    Map<String, String> paramBody = new HashMap<>(); 
    paramBody.put("client_id", "ankur.tandon.ap@xxx.com"); 
    paramBody.put("client_secret", "P@ssword_1"); 
    String result = HTTPSClientUtil.doPost(httpsClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody); 
     
    //String result = HTTPSClientUtil.doGet(httpsClient, url, null, null); 
     
    System.out.println(result); 
  }  
}

返回信息：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
<token>jkf8RL0sw+Skkflj8RbKI5hP1bEQK8PrCuTZPpBINqMYKRMxY1kWCjmCfT191Zpp88VV1aGHW8oYNWjEYS0axpLuGAX89ejCoWNbikCc1UvfyesXHLktcJqyUFiVjevhrEQxJPHncLQYWP+Xse5oD9X8vKFKk7InNTMRzQK7YBTZ/e3U7gswM/5cvAHFl6o9rEq9cWPXavZNohyvnXsohSzDo+BXAtXxa1xpEDLy/8h/UaP4n4dlZDJJ3B8t1Xh+CRRIoMOPxf7c5wKhHtOkEOeXW+xoPQKKSx5CKWwJpPuGIIFWF/PaqWg+JUOsVT7QGdPv8PMWJ9DwEwjTdxguDg==</token> 

新版本4.5.3

需要认证

package com.darren.test.https.v45;  
import java.io.File; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.security.KeyStore; 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy; 
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;  
public class HTTPSCertifiedClient extends HTTPSClient {  
  public HTTPSCertifiedClient() { 
 
  } 
 
  @Override 
  public void prepareCertificate() throws Exception { 
    // 获得密匙库 
    KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); 
    FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream( 
        new File("C:/Users/zhda6001/Downloads/software/xxx.keystore")); 
    // FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("C:/Users/zhda6001/Downloads/xxx.keystore")); 
    try { 
      // 密匙库的密码 
      trustStore.load(instream, "password".toCharArray()); 
    } finally { 
      instream.close(); 
    }  
    SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, TrustSelfSignedStrategy.INSTANCE) 
        .build(); 
    this.connectionSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext); 
  }  
}

跳过认证

package com.darren.test.https.v45;  
import java.security.cert.CertificateException; 
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; 
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; 
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; 
public class HTTPSTrustClient extends HTTPSClient { 
  public HTTPSTrustClient() {  
  } 
 
  @Override 
  public void prepareCertificate() throws Exception { 
    // 跳过证书验证 
    SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); 
    X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() { 
      @Override 
      public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { 
      } 
 
      @Override 
      public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { 
      } 
 
      @Override 
      public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { 
        return null; 
      } 
    }; 
    // 设置成已信任的证书 
    ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null); 
    this.connectionSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(ctx); 
  } 
}

总结

package com.darren.test.https.v45;  
import org.apache.http.config.Registry; 
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder; 
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory; 
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; 
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;  
public abstract class HTTPSClient extends HttpClientBuilder { 
  private CloseableHttpClient client; 
  protected ConnectionSocketFactory connectionSocketFactory; 
 
  /** 
   * 初始化HTTPSClient 
   * 
   * @return 返回当前实例 
   * @throws Exception 
   */ 
  public CloseableHttpClient init() throws Exception { 
    this.prepareCertificate(); 
    this.regist(); 
 
    return this.client; 
  } 
 
  /** 
   * 准备证书验证 
   * 
   * @throws Exception 
   */ 
  public abstract void prepareCertificate() throws Exception; 
 
  /** 
   * 注册协议和端口, 此方法也可以被子类重写 
   */ 
  protected void regist() { 
    // 设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象 
    Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create() 
        .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE) 
        .register("https", this.connectionSocketFactory) 
        .build(); 
    PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry); 
    HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager); 
 
    // 创建自定义的httpclient对象 
    this.client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build(); 
    // CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
  } 
}

工具类：

package com.darren.test.https.v45;  
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.List; 
import java.util.Map; 
import java.util.Set;  
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; 
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; 
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; 
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase; 
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  
public class HTTPSClientUtil { 
  private static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";  
  public static String doPost(HttpClient httpClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody) throws Exception { 
    return doPost(httpClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody, DEFAULT_CHARSET); 
  } 
 
  public static String doPost(HttpClient httpClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
 
    String result = null; 
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); 
    setHeader(httpPost, paramHeader); 
    setBody(httpPost, paramBody, charset);  
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); 
    if (response != null) { 
      HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 
      if (resEntity != null) { 
        result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset); 
      } 
    } 
 
    return result; 
  } 
   
  public static String doGet(HttpClient httpClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody) throws Exception { 
    return doGet(httpClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody, DEFAULT_CHARSET); 
  } 
 
  public static String doGet(HttpClient httpClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
 
    String result = null; 
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); 
    setHeader(httpGet, paramHeader); 
 
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); 
    if (response != null) { 
      HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 
      if (resEntity != null) { 
        result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset); 
      } 
    } 
 
    return result; 
  } 
 
  private static void setHeader(HttpRequestBase request, Map<String, String> paramHeader) { 
    // 设置Header 
    if (paramHeader != null) { 
      Set<String> keySet = paramHeader.keySet(); 
      for (String key : keySet) { 
        request.addHeader(key, paramHeader.get(key)); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
 
  private static void setBody(HttpPost httpPost, Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
    // 设置参数 
    if (paramBody != null) { 
      List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); 
      Set<String> keySet = paramBody.keySet(); 
      for (String key : keySet) { 
        list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, paramBody.get(key))); 
      } 
 
      if (list.size() > 0) { 
        UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, charset); 
        httpPost.setEntity(entity); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
}

测试类：

package com.darren.test.https.v45;  
import java.util.HashMap; 
import java.util.Map; 
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;  
public class HTTPSClientTest {  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 
    HttpClient httpClient = null; 
 
    //httpClient = new HTTPSTrustClient().init(); 
    httpClient = new HTTPSCertifiedClient().init(); 
 
    String url = "https://1.2.6.2:8011/xxx/api/getToken"; 
    //String url = "https://1.2.6.2:8011/xxx/api/getHealth"; 
 
    Map<String, String> paramHeader = new HashMap<>(); 
    paramHeader.put("Accept", "application/xml"); 
    Map<String, String> paramBody = new HashMap<>(); 
    paramBody.put("client_id", "ankur.tandon.ap@xxx.com"); 
    paramBody.put("client_secret", "P@ssword_1"); 
    String result = HTTPSClientUtil.doPost(httpClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody); 
     
    //String result = HTTPSClientUtil.doGet(httpsClient, url, null, null); 
     
    System.out.println(result); 
  } 
 
}

结果：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
<token>RxitF9//7NxwXJS2cjIjYhLtvzUNvMZxxEQtGN0u07sC9ysJeIbPqte3hCjULSkoXPEUYGUVeyI9jv7/WikLrzxYKc3OSpaTSM0kCbCKphu0TB2Cn/nfzv9fMLueOWFBdyz+N0sEiI9K+0Gp7920DFEncn17wUJVmC0u2jwvM5FAjQKmilwodXZ6a0Dq+D7dQDJwVcwxBvJ2ilhyIb3pr805Vppmi9atXrVAKO0ODa006wEJFOfcgyG5p70wpJ5rrBL85vfy9WCvkd1R7j6NVjhXgH2gNimHkjEJorMjdXW2gKiUsiWsELi/XPswao7/CTWNwTnctGK8PX2ZUB0ZfA==</token> 

二、HttpURLConnection

三、Spring的RestTemplate

其它方式以后补充

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持呐喊教程。

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