iOS应用设计模式开发中对简单工厂和工厂方法模式的运用

简单工厂模式
正如此模式的名称一样,简单工厂模式基本上是所有设计模式里最简单的一种,类与类之间的关系一目了然。这次我就用很多地方经常举的例子--计算器,来说明这个模式。首先给大家展示一下类之间的结构图:

通过这张结构图,可以清晰的看到,加法类、减法类、乘法类、除法类继承自运算类,简单工厂类依赖于运算类的实例化来实现相应的运算功能,好的,看起来并不复杂,让我们直接展示一下代码吧(鉴于目前点点不支持Objective C的代码高亮,所以就直接写啦,尽量保持整齐吧。另,为了照顾像我一样基础不是很好的同学,我尽量把代码写全,方便大家调试)。

注意:本文所有代码均在ARC环境下编译通过。

首先是运算类(父类):
接口文件:


#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Operation :NSObject{     double numberA;     double numberB; } @property double numberA; @property double numberB; -(double) GetResult; @end


实现文件:

#import"Operation.h"

@implementation Operation @synthesize numberA, numberB;

-(double) GetResult{     return    -1.0;      //此处默认返回-1.0,无其他意义 }

@end


加法类(运算子类):
接口文件:

#import "Operation.h"

@interface OperationAdd:Operation @end


实现文件:

#import "OperationAdd.h"

@implementation OperationAdd

-(double) GetResult{     double result =0;     result =numberA+numberB;     return result; }

@end


减法类(运算子类):
接口文件:

#import "Operation.h"

@interface OperationSub:Operation

@end


实现文件:

#import "OperationSub.h"

@implementation OperationSub

-(double)GetResult{     double result =0;     result = numberA-numberB;     return result; }

@end


乘法类(运算子类)

#import "Operation.h"

@interface OperationMul:Operation

@end


实现文件:

#import "OperationMul.h"

@implementation OperationMul

-(double)GetResult{     double result =0;     result = numberA*numberB;     return result; }

@end


除法类(运算子类):
接口文件:

#import "Operation.h"

@interface OperationDiv:Operation @end


实现文件:

#import "OperationDiv.h"

@implementation OperationDiv

-(double)GetResult{     double result =0;     @try{         result = numberA/numberB;     }     @catch(NSException *exception) {         NSLog(@"除数不能为0");     }     return result; }

@end


下面是工厂类(依赖实力化运算类实现具体功能):
接口文件:

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#import "OperationAdd.h"

#import "OperationDiv.h"

#import "OperationSub.h"

#import "OperationMul.h"

@interface OperationFactory:NSObject +(Operation*)CreateOperate:(char)operate; @end


实现文件:

#import "OperationFactory.h"

+(Operation*)CreateOperate:(char)operate{     Operation *oper;     switch(operate) {         case '+':             oper = [[OperationAdd alloc]init];             break;         case '-':             oper = [[OperationSub alloc]init];             break;         case '*':             oper = [[OperationMul alloc]init];             break;         case '/':             oper = [[OperationDiv alloc]init];             break;         default:             oper = nil;             break;         }         return oper; }


具体调用

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#import "OperationAdd.h"

#import "OperationDiv.h"

#import "OperationMul.h"

#import "OperationSub.h"

#import "OperationFactory.h"

int main (int argc,const char* argv[]) {     @autoreleasepool{         Operation *oper = [OperationFactory CreateOperate:'*'];         [oper setNumberA:1];         [oper setNumberB:2];         double result = 0;         result = [oper GetResult];         NSLog(@"Result is %f", result);     }     return 0; }


好啦,上面罗列的是简单工厂模式的基础代码。其实还是挺简单的,对吧,只有一层继承关系,一个依赖关系,在工厂类里面用switch语句判别需要实例化哪种类型,之后进行计算,获取结果。

工厂方法模式
上面关于简单工厂模式中就有提到过一次关于“工厂类”模式。为了帮助大家能够回忆一下简单工厂模式,在这里提一下简单工厂模式的优点,简单工厂模式的最大优点在于工厂类中包含了必要的逻辑判断,根据客户端的选择条件动态实例化相关的类,对于客户端来说,去除了与具体产品的依赖。其实,工厂方法模式是简单工厂模式的进一步抽象和推广。由于使用了多态性,工厂方法模式保持了简单工厂模式的优点,而且克服了它的缺点。但缺点是,由于每加一个产品,就需要加一个产品工厂的类,增加了额外的开发量。

下面还是以计算器为例子,详细介绍工厂方法模式,还是老样子,先向大家展示一下类结构图。

上面这张图向大家展示了各个类之间的关系。其实和简单工厂模式不同的是,类图的右边抽象工厂接口是相比简单工厂模式多出来的抽象接口。

下面直接上代码吧,别的不多说了。

注意:本文所有代码均在ARC环境下编译通过。

Operation类接口


#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Operation :NSObject{     double numberA;     double numberB; } @property double numberA; @property double numberB; -(double) GetResult; @end


Operation类实现

#import "Operation.h"

@implementation Operation @synthesize numberA, numberB; -(double) GetResult{     return -1.0; } @end


OperationAdd类接口

#import "Operation.h"

@interface OperationAdd :Operation @end


OperationAdd类实现

#import "OperationAdd.h"

@implementation OperationAdd -(double) GetResult{     double result =0;     result = numberA+numberB;     return result; } @end


OperationDiv类接口

#import "Operation.h"

@interface OperationDiv :Operation @end


OperationDiv类实现

#import "OperationDiv.h"

@implementation OperationDiv -(double)GetResult{     double result =0;     @try{         result = numberA/numberB;     }     @catch(NSException *exception) {         NSLog(@"除数不能为0");     }     return result; } @end


OperationMul类接口

#import "Operation.h"

@interface OperationMul :Operation @end OperationMul类实现

#import "OperationMul.h"

@implementation OperationMul -(double)GetResult{     double result =0;     result = numberA*numberB;     return result; } @end


OperationSub类接口

#import "Operation.h"

@interface OperationSub :Operation @end


OperationSub类实现

#import "OperationSub.h"

@implementation OperationSub -(double)GetResult{     double result =0;     result = numberA-numberB;     return result; } @end


IFactory类接口

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#import "Operation.h" @interface IFactory :NSObject -(Operation*)CreateOperation; @end


IFactory类实现

#import "IFactory.h"

@implementation IFactory -(Operation*)CreateOperation{     return [[Operation alloc]init]; } @end


AddFactory类接口

#import "IFactory.h"

@interface AddFactory :IFactory @end


AddFactory类实现

#import "AddFactory.h"

#import "OperationAdd.h"

@implementation AddFactory -(Operation*)CreateOperation{     return [[OperationAdd alloc]init]; } @end


SubFactory类接口

#import "IFactory.h"

@interface SubFactory :IFactory @end


SubFactory类实现

#import "SubFactory.h"

#import "OperationSub.h"

@implementation SubFactory -(Operation*)CreateOperation{     return [[OperationSub alloc]init]; } @end


MulFactory类接口

#import "IFactory.h"

@interface MulFactory :IFactory @end


MulFactory类实现

#import "MulFactory.h"

#import "OperationMul.h"

@implementation MulFactory -(Operation*)CreateOperation{     return [[OperationMul alloc]init]; } @end


DivFactory类接口

#import "IFactory.h"

@interfaceDiv Factory :IFactory @end


DivFactory类实现

#import "DivFactory.h"

#import "OperationDiv.h"

@implementation DivFactory -(Operation*)CreateOperation{     return [[OperationDiv alloc]init]; } @end


Main方法调用

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#import "OperationAdd.h"

#import "AddFactory.h" //加法工厂,你可以根据需要添加其他运算工厂

int main (int argc,const char* argv[]) {     @autoreleasepool{         IFactory *operFactory = [[AddFactory alloc]init];         Operation *oper = [operFactory CreateOperation];         [oper setNumberA:1];         [oper setNumberB:2];         double result = [oper GetResult];         NSLog(@"The result is %f", result);     }     return 0; }


好啦,上面就是工厂方法模式的Objective C的类代码。