要找到元素向量的等级，我们可以直接使用等级函数，但这将导致等级从最小到最大。例如，如果我们有一个向量x，该向量x依次包含值1、2、3，则rank函数将返回1 23。但是，如果我们要从最大到最小获得等级，则它将为3 2 1，并且可以在R中作为rank(-x)完成。
x1<-1:10 x1
输出结果
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
rank(-x1)
输出结果
[1] 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
x2<-rpois(100,5) x2
输出结果
[1] 5 1 4 8 5 1 5 6 2 1 6 5 1 4 2 4 3 6 7 6 3 5 7 4 11 [26] 5 2 4 6 2 6 9 1 1 5 7 2 5 4 3 8 9 5 5 6 4 9 4 2 6 [51] 4 9 5 1 4 9 4 8 6 5 5 6 1 12 7 6 3 5 9 2 6 3 6 4 5 [76] 9 3 4 6 3 6 5 11 2 4 7 2 5 5 7 5 9 4 2 3 6 3 4 5 4
rank(-x2)
输出结果
[1] 55.5 55.5 36.5 55.5 36.5 23.0 89.0 36.5 74.5 55.5 74.5 1.0 [13] 74.5 36.5 7.5 89.0 55.5 74.5 36.5 89.0 14.0 36.5 36.5 97.0 [25] 89.0 14.0 55.5 89.0 89.0 14.0 4.0 36.5 74.5 89.0 55.5 97.0 [37] 74.5 23.0 97.0 14.0 36.5 7.5 89.0 23.0 14.0 89.0 23.0 55.5 [49] 55.5 97.0 36.5 2.0 55.5 74.5 74.5 89.0 7.5 4.0 100.0 74.5 [61] 36.5 55.5 55.5 23.0 14.0 36.5 36.5 23.0 36.5 55.5 55.5 36.5 [73] 36.5 74.5 14.0 55.5 14.0 7.5 55.5 55.5 55.5 4.0 23.0 97.0 [85] 74.5 89.0 74.5 74.5 14.0 55.5 55.5 74.5 36.5 36.5 74.5 74.5 [97] 23.0 74.5 23.0 74.5
x3<-sample(0:9,100,replace=TRUE) x3
输出结果
[1] 3 9 0 5 8 3 4 6 0 6 8 2 2 8 7 9 4 2 3 7 4 9 7 8 0 6 3 2 2 4 7 9 0 0 2 8 3 [38] 2 4 9 9 2 3 2 9 1 8 1 3 2 9 2 2 5 6 2 5 8 8 9 7 5 1 8 0 1 3 5 1 3 4 3 9 5 [75] 3 9 9 5 1 1 7 8 6 3 4 4 1 9 9 2 1 6 6 7 4 6 2 5 8 3
rank(-x3)
输出结果
[1] 80.0 14.5 54.5 71.0 54.5 93.0 45.5 5.5 5.5 64.0 64.0 54.5 14.5 71.0 80.0 [16] 5.5 93.0 54.5 54.5 14.5 54.5 24.0 64.0 14.5 80.0 45.5 80.0 54.5 36.0 14.5 [31] 36.0 80.0 80.0 36.0 64.0 93.0 36.0 71.0 54.5 24.0 5.5 80.0 36.0 93.0 45.5 [46] 24.0 54.5 80.0 93.0 80.0 14.5 93.0 5.5 45.5 54.5 54.5 36.0 45.5 93.0 36.0 [61] 24.0 54.5 5.5 24.0 14.5 71.0 64.0 36.0 80.0 45.5 24.0 5.5 24.0 5.5 93.0 [76] 64.0 24.0 93.0 24.0 24.0 93.0 5.5 93.0 36.0 36.0 71.0 93.0 93.0 64.0 80.0 [91] 36.0 36.0 5.5 24.0 71.0 71.0 14.5 36.0 93.0 93.0
x4<-sample(100,100,replace=TRUE) x4
输出结果
[1] 24 2 100 26 18 61 25 100 9 22 3 19 74 93 59 80 88 32 [19] 54 35 44 19 60 87 81 16 71 10 75 13 8 54 58 44 56 1 [37] 14 69 55 4 19 90 22 16 73 4 65 21 79 62 10 6 78 29 [55] 25 37 69 77 20 24 52 78 50 81 92 13 21 15 50 14 84 78 [73] 64 94 6 3 58 23 88 85 35 60 8 75 84 45 17 94 42 98 [91] 67 88 29 34 40 47 20 62 75 73
rank(-x4)
输出结果
[1] 70.0 53.0 87.0 42.5 18.0 8.5 44.5 93.5 16.0 12.0 33.0 82.5 [13] 28.5 78.0 26.0 60.5 79.5 87.0 99.0 33.0 82.5 47.0 17.0 44.5 [25] 12.0 33.0 58.5 54.0 39.0 64.0 12.0 47.0 87.0 92.0 47.0 98.0 [37] 15.0 55.0 37.5 81.0 49.5 40.5 23.5 79.5 95.5 21.5 40.5 60.5 [49] 75.0 49.5 76.5 72.0 1.5 90.0 97.0 30.5 35.5 3.0 91.0 7.0 [61] 76.5 27.0 21.5 85.0 4.5 19.5 56.5 19.5 65.0 89.0 37.5 35.5 [73] 25.0 66.0 93.5 72.0 12.0 72.0 12.0 28.5 63.0 56.5 84.0 1.5 [85] 58.5 6.0 95.5 62.0 8.5 69.0 68.0 67.0 4.5 51.0 100.0 74.0 [97] 42.5 30.5 52.0 23.5
x5<-sample(101:199,100,replace=TRUE) x5
输出结果
[1] 184 142 123 176 190 156 148 111 123 175 124 189 196 198 191 154 181 199 [19] 155 193 122 194 179 132 111 151 111 178 124 171 114 168 132 164 105 177 [37] 166 169 136 101 127 150 181 180 109 122 132 126 147 162 141 164 125 163 [55] 177 143 119 177 149 111 182 123 122 163 198 130 135 184 138 107 103 147 [73] 140 135 198 138 188 134 114 186 173 138 161 132 160 176 190 117 161 197 [91] 161 124 116 110 126 119 173 183 155 115
rank(-x5)
输出结果
[1] 30.0 44.0 42.5 9.0 40.5 12.0 34.0 37.0 27.5 83.0 99.0 63.5 [13] 23.5 16.5 92.0 12.0 25.0 67.0 96.5 48.5 78.0 85.0 18.0 96.5 [25] 15.0 82.0 9.0 37.0 5.0 94.5 39.0 29.0 22.0 52.5 66.0 2.0 [37] 58.0 60.0 14.0 81.0 93.0 23.5 90.0 50.5 37.0 88.5 45.5 55.5 [49] 86.5 27.5 26.0 3.0 9.0 88.5 5.0 5.0 91.0 63.5 84.0 63.5 [61] 94.5 48.5 54.0 69.5 34.0 75.5 71.0 20.0 31.5 42.5 100.0 40.5 [73] 20.0 52.5 79.5 69.5 86.5 75.5 55.5 45.5 98.0 73.5 1.0 59.0 [85] 57.0 47.0 79.5 73.5 20.0 16.5 7.0 50.5 34.0 63.5 68.0 61.0 [97] 31.5 12.0 77.0 72.0
x6<-sample(rpois(10,5),100,replace=TRUE) x6
输出结果
[1] 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 8 4 3 2 2 4 5 8 4 6 2 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 6 4 6 8 4 8 7 4 4 5 4 [38] 5 3 6 4 4 2 8 4 7 3 2 4 4 7 5 2 4 5 3 4 2 4 2 2 8 3 5 4 4 5 8 7 5 2 4 6 5 [75] 6 4 2 2 3 5 2 2 3 3 8 7 2 3 3 6 8 2 6 5 2 5 5 5 8 5
rank(-x6)
输出结果
[1] 29.0 96.0 74.5 29.0 74.5 74.5 7.0 96.0 29.0 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.5 7.0 [16] 7.0 7.0 29.0 96.0 74.5 74.5 7.0 7.0 96.0 74.5 29.0 96.0 7.0 51.0 74.5 [31] 51.0 29.0 7.0 74.5 29.0 74.5 29.0 29.0 74.5 29.0 51.0 29.0 51.0 51.0 29.0 [46] 29.0 74.5 74.5 29.0 74.5 51.0 74.5 74.5 51.0 74.5 29.0 29.0 51.0 74.5 74.5 [61] 51.0 74.5 74.5 29.0 29.0 74.5 29.0 96.0 96.0 29.0 51.0 74.5 74.5 74.5 96.0 [76] 7.0 29.0 7.0 29.0 74.5 29.0 74.5 29.0 29.0 29.0 7.0 74.5 29.0 51.0 7.0 [91] 74.5 7.0 51.0 29.0 96.0 74.5 29.0 51.0 29.0 29.0
x7<-round(runif(100,5,10),0) x7
输出结果
[1] 5 8 6 9 10 7 7 10 5 9 8 9 7 8 8 6 8 6 6 7 9 6 10 10 8 [26] 8 7 9 9 10 9 8 7 7 6 7 10 6 8 9 7 7 9 6 6 5 5 5 9 9 [51] 6 9 10 7 7 5 9 10 7 7 9 7 6 6 7 8 6 6 9 6 10 9 6 8 7 [76] 7 6 9 7 10 9 7 6 6 6 5 9 10 7 6 9 8 8 7 8 8 8 9 9 8
rank(-x7)
输出结果
[1] 42.5 78.5 22.5 6.0 96.0 6.0 58.5 42.5 42.5 78.5 78.5 22.5 78.5 78.5 6.0 [16] 78.5 78.5 42.5 22.5 22.5 78.5 58.5 6.0 42.5 22.5 58.5 58.5 6.0 22.5 96.0 [31] 96.0 42.5 6.0 58.5 78.5 96.0 78.5 22.5 22.5 6.0 58.5 42.5 96.0 22.5 22.5 [46] 58.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 78.5 78.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 6.0 78.5 22.5 6.0 78.5 42.5 [61] 42.5 58.5 78.5 22.5 6.0 78.5 78.5 42.5 42.5 42.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 42.5 96.0 [76] 78.5 78.5 96.0 42.5 58.5 78.5 42.5 42.5 42.5 6.0 78.5 22.5 58.5 42.5 22.5 [91] 22.5 22.5 22.5 78.5 96.0 58.5 78.5 22.5 22.5 96.0
x8<-rexp(50,2.5) x8
输出结果
[1] 0.29346231 0.19440966 0.77117130 0.08592004 0.04575112 0.04967382 [7] 0.37039906 0.24414045 0.89440198 0.23974022 1.19025638 0.33477031 [13] 1.11400244 0.37368447 0.29478339 0.03654986 0.11947211 0.08989231 [19] 0.15917572 1.22241385 1.09067800 0.15827342 0.40054308 0.04406150 [25] 0.59635287 0.06558528 0.02868031 0.45926452 0.07033172 0.87111673 [31] 0.57026937 1.14810306 0.37622534 0.23697019 0.13202811 0.59222703 [37] 0.54024297 0.04767550 0.07921466 0.52566672 0.49331287 1.50206460 [43] 0.15669989 0.41877724 0.54670825 0.18044803 0.39152010 0.17849852 [49] 0.31529803 1.40226889
rank(-x8)
输出结果
[1] 15 43 20 12 9 13 27 40 25 32 28 17 46 18 22 8 26 23 47 1 2 41 4 42 29 [26] 34 38 35 24 14 44 49 16 7 19 45 31 36 21 39 33 48 37 3 50 11 30 10 6 5
x9<-round(rexp(50,2.5),0) x9
输出结果
[1] 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [39] 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
rank(-x9)
输出结果
[1] 30.5 6.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 6.5 1.5 [16] 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 6.5 30.5 6.5 1.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 6.5 30.5 [31] 30.5 30.5 30.5 6.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 6.5 6.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 [46] 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5
x10<-round(rnorm(100,45,3),0) x10
输出结果
[1] 48 48 43 46 48 44 39 49 44 42 46 46 41 50 50 46 46 40 47 45 54 48 44 45 44 [26] 48 48 49 47 44 43 45 35 45 44 42 42 45 49 39 44 39 50 44 44 41 47 44 43 47 [51] 45 44 37 42 49 43 49 39 50 51 41 47 43 45 46 45 45 45 46 43 45 44 50 47 43 [76] 49 49 41 47 40 46 46 48 44 45 46 48 42 42 48 47 49 44 42 46 46 46 40 43 47
rank(-x10)
输出结果
[1] 95.5 29.5 80.0 54.0 41.5 41.5 68.5 80.0 54.0 29.5 68.5 41.5 [13] 41.5 6.0 54.0 54.0 29.5 19.0 68.5 68.5 98.5 68.5 98.5 41.5 [25] 6.0 91.0 29.5 68.5 80.0 11.0 6.0 29.5 95.5 91.0 14.0 19.0 [37] 54.0 68.5 29.5 80.0 100.0 86.0 54.0 68.5 29.5 1.0 68.5 68.5 [49] 54.0 29.5 68.5 19.0 6.0 19.0 91.0 68.5 91.0 68.5 95.5 11.0 [61] 86.0 54.0 54.0 2.5 80.0 11.0 68.5 29.5 41.5 68.5 6.0 54.0 [73] 11.0 54.0 91.0 86.0 41.5 41.5 11.0 41.5 80.0 95.5 41.5 54.0 [85] 19.0 29.5 41.5 29.5 86.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 68.5 29.5 2.5 19.0 [97] 54.0 86.0 41.5 80.0