静态变量用于定义常量,因为可以通过调用该类而不创建其实例来检索其值。静态变量可以在成员函数或类定义之外初始化。您也可以在类定义中初始化静态变量。
using System; namespace StaticVarApplication { class StaticVar { public static int num; public void count() { num++; } public int getNum() { return num; } } class StaticTester { static void Main(string[] args) { StaticVar s1 = new StaticVar(); StaticVar s2 = new StaticVar(); s1.count(); s1.count(); s1.count(); s2.count(); s2.count(); s2.count(); Console.WriteLine("Variable num for s1: {0}", s1.getNum()); Console.WriteLine("Variable num for s2: {0}", s2.getNum()); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
输出结果
Variable num for s1: 6 Variable num for s2: 6
类变量是对象的属性(从设计的角度来看),并且对它们进行私有化以实现封装。这些变量只能使用公共成员函数访问。
让我们看一个例子-
using System; namespace BoxApplication { class Box { private double length; // Length of a box private double breadth; // Breadth of a box private double height; // Height of a box public void setLength( double len ) { length = len; } public void setBreadth( double bre ) { breadth = bre; } public void setHeight( double hei ) { height = hei; } public double getVolume() { return length * breadth * height; } } class Boxtester { static void Main(string[] args) { Box Box1 = new Box(); // Declare Box1 of type Box Box Box2 = new Box(); double volume; //声明Box2类型的Box2- //框1规格 Box1.setLength(6.0); Box1.setBreadth(7.0); Box1.setHeight(5.0); //方框2规格 Box2.setLength(12.0); Box2.setBreadth(13.0); Box2.setHeight(10.0); //盒子1的体积 volume = Box1.getVolume(); Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box1 : {0}" ,volume); //盒子2的体积 volume = Box2.getVolume(); Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box2 : {0}", volume); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
输出结果
Volume of Box1 : 210 Volume of Box2 : 1560