矩阵的LU分解产生一个矩阵,作为其下三角矩阵和上三角矩阵的乘积。矩阵的LU分解中的LU表示Lower Upper。
下面是矩阵的LU分解的示例-
Given matrix is: 1 1 0 2 1 3 3 1 1 The L matrix is: 1 0 0 2 -1 0 3 -2 -5 The U matrix is: 1 1 0 0 1 -3 0 0 1
下面给出了执行矩阵的LU分解的程序-
#include<iostream> using namespace std; void LUdecomposition(float a[10][10], float l[10][10], float u[10][10], int n) { int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { if (j < i) l[j][i] = 0; else { l[j][i] = a[j][i]; for (k = 0; k < i; k++) { l[j][i] = l[j][i] - l[j][k] * u[k][i]; } } } for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { if (j < i) u[i][j] = 0; else if (j == i) u[i][j] = 1; else { u[i][j] = a[i][j] / l[i][i]; for (k = 0; k < i; k++) { u[i][j] = u[i][j] - ((l[i][k] * u[k][j]) / l[i][i]); } } } } } int main() { float a[10][10], l[10][10], u[10][10]; int n = 0, i = 0, j = 0; cout << "Enter size of square matrix : "<<endl; cin >> n; cout<<"Enter matrix values: "<endl; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) for (j = 0; j < n; j++) cin >> a[i][j]; LUdecomposition(a, l, u, n); cout << "L Decomposition is as follows..."<<endl; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { cout<<l[i][j]<<" "; } cout << endl; } cout << "U Decomposition is as follows..."<<endl; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { cout<<u[i][j]<<" "; } cout << endl; } return 0; }
输出结果
上面程序的输出如下
Enter size of square matrix : 3 Enter matrix values: 1 1 0 2 1 3 3 1 1 L Decomposition is as follows... 1 0 0 2 -1 0 3 -2 -5 U Decomposition is as follows... 1 1 0 0 1 -3 0 0 1
在上面的程序中,函数LU分解找到给定矩阵的L和U分解。这是通过使用嵌套的for循环来完成的,该循环计算L和U分解并将它们存储在矩阵a [] []中的l [] []和u [] []矩阵中。
证明这一点的代码片段如下-
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { if (j < i) l[j][i] = 0; else { l[j][i] = a[j][i]; for (k = 0; k < i; k++) { l[j][i] = l[j][i] - l[j][k] * u[k][i]; } } } for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { if (j < i) u[i][j] = 0; else if (j == i) u[i][j] = 1; else { u[i][j] = a[i][j] / l[i][i]; for (k = 0; k < i; k++) { u[i][j] = u[i][j] - ((l[i][k] * u[k][j]) / l[i][i]); } } } }
在该main()
函数中,矩阵的大小及其元素是从用户那里获得的。这给出如下-
cout << "Enter size of square matrix : "<<endl; cin >> n; cout<<"Enter matrix values: "<endl; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) for (j = 0; j < n; j++) cin >> a[i][j];
然后调用LU分解函数并显示L和U分解,如下所示-
LUdecomposition(a, l, u, n); cout << "L Decomposition is as follows..."<<endl; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { cout<<l[i][j]<<" "; } cout << endl; } cout << "U Decomposition is as follows..."<<endl; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { cout<u[i][j]<<" "; } cout << endl; }