每个Linux用户都应该了解Linux硬件的基本配置。市场上有很多工具可以在Linux中获取硬件信息。Dmidecode是用于以人类可读格式转储计算机的DMI（桌面管理接口）表内容的工具。该表包含系统硬件组件的描述以及其他有用的信息，例如序列号和BIOS版本。本文介绍了“如何在Linux上使用Dmidecode命令获取硬件信息”
要安装Dmidecode，请使用以下命令-
$ sudo apt-get install dmidecode
样本输出应如下所示–
Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: dmidecode 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 45.9 kB of archives. After this operation, 196 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main dmidecode amd64 2.12-2 [45.9 kB] Fetched 45.9 kB in 0s (52.2 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package dmidecode. (Reading database ... 218604 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../dmidecode_2.12-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking dmidecode (2.12-2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ... Setting up dmidecode (2.12-2) ... .................................
要使用Dmidecode工具，请使用以下命令-
$ sudo dmidecode
样本输出应如下所示–
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. 45 structures occupying 2096 bytes. Table at 0xCBD68018. Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 251 bytes OEM-specific Type Header and Data: DA FB 00 DA B2 00 0D 5F 0F 37 40 7D 00 00 00 00 00 7E 00 01 00 00 00 75 01 01 80 01 00 76 01 02 80 01 00 2D 01 03 80 01 00 2E 01 04 80 00 00 4F 02 05 80 01 00 50 02 06 80 00 00 E2 01 02 00 00 00 E1 01 02 00 01 00 E3 01 02 00 02 00 58 02 20 80 00 00 57 02 20 80 01 00 9C 00 03 00 01 00 9B 00 03 00 00 00 8A 01 04 00 01 00 89 01 04 00 00 00 7F 01 05 00 00 00 80 01 05 00 01 00 53 01 06 00 00 00 52 01 06 00 01 00 7B 01 07 00 00 00 7C 01 07 00 01 00 94 01 08 00 00 00 93 01 08 00 01 00 7D 00 09 00 00 00 2D 00 0A 00 01 00 2E 00 0A 00 00 00 6E 00 0B 00 00 00 95 00 0C 00 01 00 96 00 0C 00 00 00 2F 02 0D 00 01 00 30 02 0D 00 00 00 4B 01 0E 00 01 00 4A 01 0E 00 00 00 37 01 0F 00 00 00 38 01 0F 00 01 00 39 01 0F 00 02 00 2E 02 07 80 01 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00 ........................
要获取有关dmidecode的更多信息，请使用以下命令-
$ dmidecode --help
样本输出应如下所示–
Usage: dmidecode [OPTIONS] Options are: -d, --dev-mem FILE Read memory from device FILE (default: /dev/mem) -h, --help Display this help text and exit -q, --quiet Less verbose output -s, --string KEYWORD Only display the value of the given DMI string -t, --type TYPE Only display the entries of given type -u, --dump Do not decode the entries --dump-bin FILE Dump the DMI data to a binary file --from-dump FILE Read the DMI data from a binary file -V, --version Display the version and exit
要获取有关每种设备配置的更多信息，请使用以下命令行语法–
$ sudo dmidecode -t Device name
例如，要获取BIOS信息，请使用以下命令-
$ sudo dmidecode -t bios
样本输出应如下所示：
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Dell Inc. Version: A04 Release Date: 08/05/2014 Address: 0xF0000 Runtime Size: 64 kB ROM Size: 2048 kB Characteristics: MCA is supported PCI is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported BIOS ROM is socketed EDD is supported 5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) ACPI is supported USB legacy is supported ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Targeted content distribution is supported UEFI is supported BIOS Revision: 0.4 Firmware Revision: 0.4 .............
要获取系统信息，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo dmidecode -t memory
样本输出应如下所示–
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 40 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0007 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 8192 MB Form Factor: SODIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM_A Bank Locator: Bank 0 Type: DDR3 Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1600 MHz Manufacturer: Transcend Serial Number: 000A7430 Asset Tag: 54150300 Part Number: TS1GSK64W6H Rank: 2 Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz Minimum voltage: 1.350 V Maximum voltage: 1.500 V Configured voltage: 1.350 V ......................................
要获取处理器信息，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo dmidecode -t processor
样本输出应如下所示–
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. Handle 0x0024, DMI type 4, 42 bytes Processor Information Socket Designation: SOCKET 0 Type: Central Processor Family: Core i5 Manufacturer: Intel ID: 51 06 04 00 FF FB EB BF Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 69, Stepping 1 Flags: FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers) PAE (Physical address extension) MCE (Machine check exception) CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call) MTRR (Memory type range registers) PGE (Page global enable) MCA (Machine check architecture) CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported) PAT (Page attribute table) PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension) CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported) DS (Debug store) ACPI (ACPI supported) MMX (MMX technology supported) FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported) SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions) SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2) SS (Self-snoop) HTT (Multi-threading) TM (Thermal monitor supported) PBE (Pending break enabled) Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz .............................
要获取缓存信息，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo dmidecode -t cache
样本输出应如下所示–
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. Handle 0x0006, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: CPU Internal L3 Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 3 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 3072 kB Maximum Size: 3072 kB Supported SRAM Types: Unknown Installed SRAM Type: Unknown Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC System Type: Unified Associativity: 12-way Set-associative ...............................................
要获取端口连接器信息，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo dmidecode port connector
样本输出应如下所示–
# dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xcbf6b498 SMBIOS 2.8 present. 45 structures occupying 2096 bytes. Table at 0xCBD68018. Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 251 bytes OEM-specific Type Header and Data: DA FB 00 DA B2 00 0D 5F 0F 37 40 7D 00 00 00 00 00 7E 00 01 00 00 00 75 01 01 80 01 00 76 01 02 80 01 00 2D 01 03 80 01 00 2E 01 04 80 00 00 4F 02 05 80 01 00 50 02 06 80 00 00 E2 01 02 00 00 00 E1 01 02 00 01 00 E3 01 02 00 02 00 58 02 20 80 00 00 57 02 20 80 01 00 9C 00 03 00 01 00 9B 00 03 00 00 00 8A 01 04 00 01 00 89 01 04 00 00 00 7F 01 05 00 00 00 80 01 05 00 01 00 53 01 06 00 00 00 52 01 06 00 01 00 7B 01 07 00 00 00 7C 01 07 00 01 00 94 01 08 00 00 00 93 01 08 00 01 00 7D 00 09 00 00 00 2D 00 0A 00 01 00 2E 00 0A 00 00 00 6E 00 0B 00 00 00 95 00 0C 00 01 00 96 00 0C 00 00 00 2F 02 0D 00 01 00 30 02 0D 00 00 00 4B 01 0E 00 01 00 4A 01 0E 00 00 00 37 01 0F 00 00 00 38 01 0F 00 01 00 39 01 0F 00 02 00 2E 02 07 80 01 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00 ................................................
恭喜你！现在，您知道“如何在Linux上使用Dmidecode命令获取硬件信息”。在我们的下一篇Linux文章中，我们将详细了解这些类型的命令。继续阅读！