在Udacity上课时学到了python的turtle方法,这是一个很经典的用来教小孩儿编程的图形模块,最早起源于logo语言。python本身内置了这个模块,其可视化的方法可以帮助小孩儿对编程的一些基本理念有所理解。
在作业提交的论坛里看到很多turtle画出来的精美图形,想不出什么要画的东西,于是决定拿五星红旗来练练手。
前期准备
五星红旗绘制参数
Turtle官方文档
turtle的基本操作
# 初始化屏幕 window = turtle.Screen() # 新建turtle对象实例 import turtle aTurtle = turtle.Turtle() # 海龟设置 aTurtle.hideturtle() # 隐藏箭头 aTurtle.speed(10) # 设置速度 # 前进后退,左转右转 aTurtle.fd(100) # 前进100像素 aTurtle.right(90) # 右转90° aTurtle.back(100) aTurtle.left(90) # 填充颜色 aTurtle.begin_fill() aTurtle.fillcolor('yellow') DoSomethinghere() aTurtle.end_fill() # 抬起笔和放下笔,这样进行的操作不会留下痕迹 aTurtle.penup() aTurtle.goto(start_pos) aTurtle.fd(radius) aTurtle.pendown()
绘制五星红旗代码
github地址:https://gist.github.com/dc11287081ee67075da8
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 –*- ''' 对于turtle类的一些封装方法,包括画正多边形,正多角形和五星红旗。''' __author__ = 'Hu Wenchao' import turtle import math def draw_polygon(aTurtle, size=50, n=3): ''' 绘制正多边形 args: aTurtle: turtle对象实例 size: int类型,正多边形的边长 n: int类型,是几边形 ''' for i in xrange(n): aTurtle.forward(size) aTurtle.left(360.0/n) def draw_n_angle(aTurtle, size=50, num=5, color=None): ''' 绘制正n角形,默认为黄色 args: aTurtle: turtle对象实例 size: int类型,正多角形的边长 n: int类型,是几角形 color: str, 图形颜色,默认不填色 ''' if color: aTurtle.begin_fill() aTurtle.fillcolor(color) for i in xrange(num): aTurtle.forward(size) aTurtle.left(360.0/num) aTurtle.forward(size) aTurtle.right(2*360.0/num) if color: aTurtle.end_fill() def draw_5_angle(aTurtle=None, start_pos=(0,0), end_pos=(0,10), radius=100, color=None): ''' 根据起始位置、结束位置和外接圆半径画五角星 args: aTurtle: turtle对象实例 start_pos: int的二元tuple,要画的五角星的外接圆圆心 end_pos: int的二元tuple,圆心指向的位置坐标点 radius: 五角星外接圆半径 color: str, 图形颜色,默认不填色 ''' aTurtle = aTurtle or turtle.Turtle() size = radius * math.sin(math.pi/5)/math.sin(math.pi*2/5) aTurtle.left(math.degrees(math.atan2(end_pos[1]-start_pos[1], end_pos[0]-start_pos[0]))) aTurtle.penup() aTurtle.goto(start_pos) aTurtle.fd(radius) aTurtle.pendown() aTurtle.right(math.degrees(math.pi*9/10)) draw_n_angle(aTurtle, size, 5, color) def draw_5_star_flag(times=20.0): ''' 绘制五星红旗 args: times: 五星红旗的规格为30*20, times为倍数,默认大小为10倍, 即300*200 ''' width, height = 30*times, 20*times # 初始化屏幕和海龟 window = turtle.Screen() aTurtle = turtle.Turtle() aTurtle.hideturtle() aTurtle.speed(10) # 画红旗 aTurtle.penup() aTurtle.goto(-width/2, height/2) aTurtle.pendown() aTurtle.begin_fill() aTurtle.fillcolor('red') aTurtle.fd(width) aTurtle.right(90) aTurtle.fd(height) aTurtle.right(90) aTurtle.fd(width) aTurtle.right(90) aTurtle.fd(height) aTurtle.right(90) aTurtle.end_fill() # 画大星星 draw_5_angle(aTurtle, start_pos=(-10*times, 5*times), end_pos=(-10*times, 8*times), radius=3*times, color='yellow') # 画四个小星星 stars_start_pos = [(-5, 8), (-3, 6), (-3, 3), (-5, 1)] for pos in stars_start_pos: draw_5_angle(aTurtle, start_pos=(pos[0]*times, pos[1]*times), end_pos=(-10*times, 5*times), radius=1*times, color='yellow') # 点击关闭窗口 window.exitonclick() if __name__ == '__main__': draw_5_star_flag()
结果:
总结
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