结构指针包含整个结构的加法。
它用于创建复杂的数据结构,例如链表,树,图等。
可以使用称为箭头运算符(->)的特殊运算符来访问结构的成员。
以下是C编程中结构指针的声明-
struct tagname *ptr;
例如:struct学生* s;
下面说明如何访问结构的指针。
Ptr-> membername;
例如-s-> sno,s-> sname,s-> marks;
以下是一个C程序,解释了C编程中结构的动态内存分配-
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct person { int age; float weight; char name[30]; }; int main(){ struct person *ptr; int i, n; printf("输入人数: "); scanf("%d", &n); // 为n个结构体分配内存 ptr = (struct person*) malloc(n * sizeof(struct person)); for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){ printf("分别输入姓名和年龄: "); // 要访问第一结构人的成员, // ptr->name and ptr->age is used // 要访问第二个结构人的成员, // (ptr+1)->name and (ptr+1)->age is used scanf("%s %d", (ptr+i)->name, &(ptr+i)->age); } printf("Displaying Information:\n"); for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) printf("Name: %s\tAge: %d\n", (ptr+i)->name, (ptr+i)->age); return 0; }输出结果
执行以上程序后,将产生以下结果-
输入人数: 1 分别输入姓名和年龄: bhanu 24 Displaying Information: Name: bhanu Age: 24
考虑关于指针和结构的另一个示例,其中,给出了一个用于演示指针和结构的C程序。
#include<stdio.h> //Declaring outer and inter structures// struct Manager{ char Name[15]; int Age; char Gender; float Level; char Role[50]; char temp; }m[20]; void main(){ //Declaring variable for For loop and pointer variable// int i; struct Manager *p; //Defining Pointer// p=&m; //Reading User I/p// for (i=1;i<3;i++){//Declaring function to accept 2 manager's data// printf("Enter the Name of manager %d : ",i); gets(p->Name); printf("Enter the Age of manager %d : ",i); scanf("%d",&p->Age); scanf("%c",&p->temp);//Clearing Buffer// printf("Enter the Gender of manager %d : ",i); scanf("%c",&p->Gender); //scanf("%c",&p->temp);//Clearing Buffer// printf("Enter the level of manager %d : ",i); scanf("%f",&p->Level); scanf("%c",&p->temp);//Clearing Buffer// printf("Enter the role of manager %d : ",i); gets(p->Role); p++; } //Defining Pointer one more time to print output// p=&m; //Printing O/p// for (i=1;i<3;i++){ printf("The Name of Manager %d is : %s\n",i,p->Name); printf("The Age of Manager %d is : %d\n",i,p->Age); printf("The Gender of Manager %d is : %c\n",i,p->Gender); printf("The Level of Manager %d is : %f\n",i,p->Level); printf("The Role of Manager %d is : %s\n",i,p->Role); p++; } }输出结果
执行以上程序后,将产生以下结果-
Enter the Name of manager 1 : Hari Enter the Age of manager 1 : 55 Enter the Gender of manager 1 : M Enter the level of manager 1 : 2 Enter the role of manager 1 : Senior Enter the Name of manager 2 : Bob Enter the Age of manager 2 : 60 Enter the Gender of manager 2 : M Enter the level of manager 2 : 1 Enter the role of manager 2 : CEO The Name of Manager 1 is : Hari The Age of Manager 1 is : 55 The Gender of Manager 1 is : M The Level of Manager 1 is : 2.000000 The Role of Manager 1 is : Senior The Name of Manager 2 is : Bob The Age of Manager 2 is : 60 The Gender of Manager 2 is : M The Level of Manager 2 is : 1.000000 The Role of Manager 2 is : CEO