VB6中有几种长得很像的语句:Let、Set、LSet、RSet。
Let用于一般变量的赋值:
[Let] varname = expression
大部分情况下我们都省略Let,直接用等号赋值,以致于不少人根本不知道Let的存在。
Set用于对象的赋值,将变量指向对象并增加对象的引用计数,也有不少人不知道引用计数为何物。
那么LSet是干什么用的呢?咋一看好像是Let和Set的结合体,其实不然。LSet中的L是Left的缩写,与之对应的是RLet。你问我怎么知道L是Left的缩写?文档上面写的呗:
LSet StatementLeft aligns a string within a string variable, or copies a variable of one user-defined type to another variable of a different user-defined type.
RSet Statement
Right aligns a string within a string variable.
Sub Main() Dim url As String Dim s As String Let url = "https://www.nhooo.com" s = String$(20, "*") LSet s = url Debug.Print s RSet s = url Debug.Print s End Sub
输出(注意空格):
https://www.nhooo.comhttps://www.nhooo.com
不过LSet的另一个功能却是很强大的,可以将一用户定义类型变量复制到另一用户自定义类型变量。这又是什么意思?
还是举个例子来说明,IP地址知道吧?我这里ping百度返回的IP是61.135.169.125,这种格式的IP地址只是用来给人类看的,IP在计算机内部其实是用32位整数来表示。如何用VB将xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx格式的IP地址转成32位整数形式?一番Google之后,可以写出类似于这样的代码:
Sub Main() Debug.Print IPToLong("61.135.169.125") End SubPrivate Function IPToLong(IPStr As String) As Long Dim Str() As String, HEXStr As String, TempStr As String Dim x As Long Str = Split(IPStr, ".") HEXStr = "" For x = 0 To UBound(Str) TempStr = Hex(Str(x)) HEXStr = HEXStr & String(2 - Len(TempStr), "0") & TempStr Next x IPToLong = CLng("&H" & HEXStr) End Function
代码可以正常工作,这没什么问题,不过我们可以用LSet语句写出更“高级”的代码:
Private Type myBytes B1 As Byte B2 As Byte B3 As Byte B4 As Byte End TypePrivate Type myLong Val As Long End Type
'By Demon 'http://jb51.net
Public Function IP2Long(ip As String) As Long Dim a() As String Dim b As myBytes Dim l As myLong a = Split(ip, ".") '注意Little-Endian b.B1 = CByte(a(3)) b.B2 = CByte(a(2)) b.B3 = CByte(a(1)) b.B4 = CByte(a(0)) LSet l = b IP2Long = l.Val End Function
用LSet将myBytes类型的变量复制到myLong类型的变量,很好很强大。看一下生成的汇编代码:
00401A0E lea eax, dword ptr [ebp-0x20] ; 变量b的地址 00401A11 push eax 00401A12 lea eax, dword ptr [ebp-0x14] ; 变量l的地址 00401A15 push eax 00401A16 push 0x4 00401A18 call __vbaCopyBytes ; jmp to MSVBVM60.__vbaCopyBytes
调用的是MSVBVM60.DLL中的__vbaCopyBytes,第一个参数是需要复制的字节,第二个参数是目标地址,第三个参数是源地址,与C标准库中的memcpy函数类似,只不过参数的顺序不一样,其内部实现无非就是汇编中的串传送指令:
72A1A0F3 > mov ecx, dword ptr [esp+0x4] 72A1A0F7 push esi 72A1A0F8 mov esi, dword ptr [esp+0x10] 72A1A0FC push edi 72A1A0FD mov edi, dword ptr [esp+0x10] 72A1A101 mov eax, ecx 72A1A103 mov edx, edi 72A1A105 shr ecx, 0x2 72A1A108 rep movs dword ptr es:[edi], dword ptr [esi] 72A1A10A mov ecx, eax 72A1A10C mov eax, edx 72A1A10E and ecx, 0x3 72A1A111 rep movs byte ptr es:[edi], byte ptr [esi] 72A1A113 pop edi 72A1A114 pop esi 72A1A115 retn 0xC
需要注意的是文档中警告我们:
Warning Using LSet to copy a variable of one user-defined type into a variable of a different user-defined type is not recommended. Copying data of one data type into space reserved for a different data type can cause unpredictable results.When you copy a variable from one user-defined type to another, the binary data from one variable is copied into the memory space of the other, without regard for the data types specified for the elements.
用LSet复制用户定义类型变量是不提倡的,这可能导致预料之外的结果(例如结构没有对齐),所以,除非你知道自己在做什么,否则不要使用LSet语句。