Elasticsearch 索引和检索文档

示例

通常通过HTTP REST API访问Elasticsearch。通常使用cURL库。搜索服务器和客户端(您或您的应用程序)之间的消息以JSON字符串的形式发送。默认情况下,Elasticsearch在端口9200上运行。

在下面的示例中,添加了 ?pretty 用于告诉Elasticsearch修饰JSON响应的功能。在应用程序中使用这些端点时,无需添加此查询参数。

索引文件

如果我们打算以后更新索引中的信息,则最好为索引的文档分配唯一的ID。要将文档添加到名为的索引中megacorp,其类型employee和ID为1:

curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/1?pretty" -d'
{
    "first_name" : "John",
    "last_name" :  "Smith",
    "age" :        25,
    "about" :      "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}'

响应:

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

如果在我们发送PUT调用时不存在该索引,则会创建该索引。

没有ID的索引

POST /megacorp/employee?pretty
{
    "first_name" :  "Jane",
    "last_name" :   "Smith",
    "age" :         32,
    "about" :       "I like to collect rock albums",
    "interests":  [ "music" ]
}

响应:

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "AVYg2mBJYy9ijdngfeGa",
  "_version": 1,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

检索文件

curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/1?pretty"

响应:

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "first_name": "John",
    "last_name": "Smith",
    "age": 25,
    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [
      "sports",
      "music"
    ]
  }
}

从megacorp索引中获取10个文档,其类型为employee:

curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty"

响应:

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "AVYg2mBJYy9ijdngfeGa",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

使用match查询进行简单搜索,该查询在提供的字段中查找完全匹配:

curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search" -d'
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "last_name" : "Smith"
        }
    }
}'

响应:

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.6931472,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.6931472,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}