mongodb 4.0副本集搭建的全过程

前言

近期有同学问mongodb副本集难不难部署，我的回答是不难，很快，几分钟搞定，比mysql MHA简单的不止一点半点。那么到底如何部署呢？请看下文。

1. 准备工作

1.1 下载软件

选择版本并下载mongodb的软件，注意操作系统版本等。本次我选用的是percona分支的mongodb 4.2.8版本搭建，操作系统为centos6

cd /usr/local/
wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-server-mongodb-LATEST/percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8/binary/tarball/percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8-centos6-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8-centos6-x86_64.tar.gz
ln -s percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8 mongodb

1.2 规划各节点角色

各节点角色如下

IP	port	role
192.168.128.208	27017	PRIMARY
192.168.128.209	27017	SECONDARY
192.168.128.209	28017	ARBITER

2 部署

2.1 创建各节点相关目录

[root@m1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/27017/{data,logs,tmp,etc,keyfile}
[root@m1 ~]# cd /data/mongodb/27017/
[root@m1 27017]# ll
总用量 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 7 16:59 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 7 16:59 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 7 16:59 keyfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 7 16:59 logs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 7 16:59 tmp

2.2 配置文件

创建配置文件，并添加对应的配置信息，注意仲裁节点的端口

[root@m1 27017]# cd /data/mongodb/27017/etc/
[root@m1 etc]# vim mongod.conf
添加如下内容

storage:
 dbPath: /data/mongodb/27017/data
 journal:
 enabled: true
systemLog:
 destination: file
 logAppend: true
 path: /data/mongodb/27017/logs/mongod.log
processManagement:
 fork: true
 pidFilePath: /data/mongodb/27017/tmp/mongod.pid
net:
 port: 27017
 bindIp: 0.0.0.0replication:  replSetName: "test1"     # 副本集名称

2.3 启动各节点

以其中一个节点为例，其他节点修改对应配置文件即可

[root@m1 local]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf 
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 30019
child process started successfully, parent exiting

2.4 初始化副本集

初始化副本集，指定各节点id及角色，注意副本集的名称和配置文件里一致。

在任意节点执行如下语句

> use admin
switched to db admin
> rs.initiate( {
... _id: "test1",
... members: [
... { _id: 0, host: "192.168.128.208:27017" },
... { _id: 1, host: "192.168.128.209:27017" },
... { _id: 2, host: "192.168.128.209:28017",arbiterOnly:true }
... ] })
{
 "ok" : 1,
 "$clusterTime" : {
  "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1),
  "signature" : {
   "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
   "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
  }
 },
 "operationTime" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1)
}

完成后可以查看各集群状态,如下，可见当前192.168.128.208:27017 为PRIMARY节点

test1:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
 "set" : "test1",
 "date" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:24.454Z"),
 "myState" : 1,
 "term" : NumberLong(1),
 "syncingTo" : "",
 "syncSourceHost" : "",
 "syncSourceId" : -1,
 "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
 "majorityVoteCount" : 2,
 "writeMajorityCount" : 2,
 "optimes" : {
  "lastCommittedOpTime" : {
   "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
   "t" : NumberLong(1)
  },
  "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
  "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
   "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
   "t" : NumberLong(1)
  },
  "readConcernMajorityWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
  "appliedOpTime" : {
   "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
   "t" : NumberLong(1)
  },
  "durableOpTime" : {
   "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
   "t" : NumberLong(1)
  },
  "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
  "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z")
 },
 "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1596798513, 1),
 "lastStableCheckpointTimestamp" : Timestamp(1596798513, 1),
 "electionCandidateMetrics" : {
  "lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",
  "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33.409Z"),
  "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
  "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
   "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
   "t" : NumberLong(-1)
  },
  "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
   "ts" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1),
   "t" : NumberLong(-1)
  },
  "numVotesNeeded" : 2,
  "priorityAtElection" : 1,
  "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
  "numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
  "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33.444Z"),
  "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:34.050Z")
 },
 "members" : [
  {
   "_id" : 0,
   "name" : "192.168.128.208:27017",
   "health" : 1,
   "state" : 1,
   "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
   "uptime" : 5950,
   "optime" : {
    "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
    "t" : NumberLong(1)
   },
   "optimeDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
   "syncingTo" : "",
   "syncSourceHost" : "",
   "syncSourceId" : -1,
   "infoMessage" : "",
   "electionTime" : Timestamp(1596792693, 1),
   "electionDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33Z"),
   "configVersion" : 1,
   "self" : true,
   "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
  },
  {
   "_id" : 1,
   "name" : "192.168.128.209:27017",
   "health" : 1,
   "state" : 2,
   "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
   "uptime" : 5882,
   "optime" : {
    "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
    "t" : NumberLong(1)
   },
   "optimeDurable" : {
    "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
    "t" : NumberLong(1)
   },
   "optimeDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
   "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
   "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.672Z"),
   "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:22.804Z"),
   "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
   "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
   "syncingTo" : "192.168.128.208:27017",
   "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.128.208:27017",
   "syncSourceId" : 0,
   "infoMessage" : "",
   "configVersion" : 1
  },
  {
   "_id" : 2,
   "name" : "192.168.128.209:28017",
   "health" : 1,
   "state" : 7,
   "stateStr" : "ARBITER",
   "uptime" : 5882,
   "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.672Z"),
   "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:22.952Z"),
   "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
   "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
   "syncingTo" : "",
   "syncSourceHost" : "",
   "syncSourceId" : -1,
   "infoMessage" : "",
   "configVersion" : 1
  }
 ],
 "ok" : 1,
 "$clusterTime" : {
  "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
  "signature" : {
   "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
   "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
  }
 },
 "operationTime" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1)
}
test1:PRIMARY>

3 修改为认证模式

为考虑安全性等，需要开启认证模式（需要通过用户名/密码方式登录）

3.1 创建用户

创建超级管理员账号

test1:PRIMARY> db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "Root#123", roles: [{role: "root", db: "admin"}]})
Successfully added user: {
 "user" : "root",
 "roles" : [
  {
   "role" : "root",
   "db" : "admin"
  }
 ]
}

3.2 创建key文件

在主库上执行脚本生成key文件，然后将结拷贝到另外2个节点

[root@m1 mongodb]# cd /data/mongodb/27017/keyfile/
[root@m1 keyfile]# openssl rand -base64 756 > mongo.key
[root@m1 keyfile]# chmod 600 mongo.key # 必须修改为600权限，否则无法启动

以上完成后，将文件复制到另外2个节点

3.3 修改配置文件

配置文件中添加如下内容，注意不同节点的文件路径

security:
 authorization: enabled
 clusterAuthMode: keyFile
 keyFile: /data/mongodb/27017/keyfile/mongo.key

3.4 重启后并用认证模式登陆

# 关闭mongodb
[root@m1 keyfile]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf -shutdown
killing process with pid: 30675
# 启动mongodb
[root@m1 keyfile]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 2430

child process started successfully, parent exiting

# 认证模式登陆
[root@m1 keyfile]# 
[root@m1 keyfile]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo -u root -p 'Root#123' --authenticationDatabase admin

至此，mongodb 副本集搭建完毕，你会了吗？

总结

到此这篇关于mongodb 4.0副本集搭建的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关mongodb4.0副本集搭建内容请搜索呐喊教程以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持呐喊教程！

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