前言
SSL Socket通讯是对socket的扩展,增加Socket通讯的数据安全性,SSL认证分为单向和双向认证。单向认证只认证服务器端的合法性而不认证客户端的合法性。双向认证是同时认证服务端和客户端。下面我分别说说使用C#实现单向认证和双向认证的过程,并用代码实现。
一、 单向认证
第1步:准备一个数字证书,可以使用如下脚本生成
先进入到vs2005的命令行状态,即:
开始–>程序–>Microsoft Visual Studio 2005–>Visual Studio Tools–>Visual Studio 2005 命令提示
键入: makecert -r -pe -n “CN=TestServer” -ss Root -sky exchange
说明:上面的指令将在创建一个受信任的根证书,
第2步创建服务器端程序,代码如下:
using System; using System.ServiceModel; using System.Net; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Net.Security; using System.Text; using System.Security.Authentication; using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; using System.IdentityModel.Tokens; using System.IdentityModel.Selectors; namespace ConsoleApp { public class Program { static X509Certificate serverCertificate = null; public static void RunServer() { TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.25"), 901); listener.Start(); while (true) { try { Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a client to connect..."); TcpClient client = listener.AcceptTcpClient(); ProcessClient(client); } catch { } } } static void ProcessClient(TcpClient client) { SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false); try { sslStream.AuthenticateAsServer(serverCertificate, false, SslProtocols.Tls, true); DisplaySecurityLevel(sslStream); DisplaySecurityServices(sslStream); DisplayCertificateInformation(sslStream); DisplayStreamProperties(sslStream); sslStream.ReadTimeout = 5000; sslStream.WriteTimeout = 5000; byte[] message = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the server."); Console.WriteLine("Sending hello message."); sslStream.Write(message); Console.WriteLine("Waiting for client message..."); while (true) { string messageData = ReadMessage(sslStream); Console.WriteLine("Received: {0}", messageData); if (messageData.ToUpper() == "EXIT") break; } } catch (AuthenticationException e) { Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message); if (e.InnerException != null) { Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message); } Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection."); sslStream.Close(); client.Close(); return; } finally { sslStream.Close(); client.Close(); } } static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream) { byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder(); int bytes = -1; do { bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder(); char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes)]; decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0); messageData.Append(chars); if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("") != -1) { break; } } while (bytes != 0); return messageData.ToString(); } static void DisplaySecurityLevel(SslStream stream) { Console.WriteLine("Cipher: {0} strength {1}", stream.CipherAlgorithm, stream.CipherStrength); Console.WriteLine("Hash: {0} strength {1}", stream.HashAlgorithm, stream.HashStrength); Console.WriteLine("Key exchange: {0} strength {1}", stream.KeyExchangeAlgorithm, stream.KeyExchangeStrength); Console.WriteLine("Protocol: {0}", stream.SslProtocol); } static void DisplaySecurityServices(SslStream stream) { Console.WriteLine("Is authenticated: {0} as server? {1}", stream.IsAuthenticated, stream.IsServer); Console.WriteLine("IsSigned: {0}", stream.IsSigned); Console.WriteLine("Is Encrypted: {0}", stream.IsEncrypted); } static void DisplayStreamProperties(SslStream stream) { Console.WriteLine("Can read: {0}, write {1}", stream.CanRead, stream.CanWrite); Console.WriteLine("Can timeout: {0}", stream.CanTimeout); } static void DisplayCertificateInformation(SslStream stream) { Console.WriteLine("Certificate revocation list checked: {0}", stream.CheckCertRevocationStatus); X509Certificate localCertificate = stream.LocalCertificate; if (stream.LocalCertificate != null) { Console.WriteLine("Local cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.", localCertificate.Subject, localCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(), localCertificate.GetExpirationDateString()); } else { Console.WriteLine("Local certificate is null."); } X509Certificate remoteCertificate = stream.RemoteCertificate; if (stream.RemoteCertificate != null) { Console.WriteLine("Remote cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.", remoteCertificate.Subject, remoteCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(), remoteCertificate.GetExpirationDateString()); } else { Console.WriteLine("Remote certificate is null."); } } private static void DisplayUsage() { Console.WriteLine("To start the server specify:"); Console.WriteLine("serverSync certificateFile.cer"); } public static void Main(string[] args) { try { X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.Root); store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite); // 检索证书 X509Certificate2Collection certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "TestServer", false); // vaildOnly = true时搜索无结果。 if (certs.Count == 0) return; serverCertificate = certs[0]; RunServer(); store.Close(); // 关闭存储区。 } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } Console.ReadLine(); } } }
第3步,创建客户端代码
namespace ConsoleAppClient { using System; using System.Collections; using System.Net.Security; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Security.Authentication; using System.Text; using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; namespace Examples.System.Net { public class SslTcpClient { private static Hashtable certificateErrors = new Hashtable(); // The following method is invoked by the RemoteCertificateValidationDelegate. public static bool ValidateServerCertificate( object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors) { if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None) return true; Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors); // Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers. return false; } public static void RunClient(string machineName) { // Create a TCP/IP client socket. // machineName is the host running the server application. TcpClient client = new TcpClient(machineName, 901); Console.WriteLine("Client connected."); // Create an SSL stream that will close the client's stream. SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false, new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(ValidateServerCertificate), null); try { sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient("TestServer"); } catch (AuthenticationException e) { Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message); if (e.InnerException != null) { Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message); } Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection."); client.Close(); return; } // Encode a test message into a byte array. // Signal the end of the message using the "<EOF>". byte[] messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the client.<EOF>"); // Send hello message to the server. sslStream.Write(messsage); sslStream.Flush(); // Read message from the server. string serverMessage = ReadMessage(sslStream); Console.WriteLine("Server says: {0}", serverMessage); messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("exit"); sslStream.Write(messsage); sslStream.Flush(); // Close the client connection. client.Close(); Console.WriteLine("Client closed."); } static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream) { // Read the message sent by the server. // The end of the message is signaled using the // "<EOF>" marker. byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder(); int bytes = -1; do { bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); // Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8 // in case a character spans two buffers. Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder(); char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes)]; decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0); messageData.Append(chars); // Check for EOF. if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("<EOF>") != -1) { break; } } while (bytes != 0); return messageData.ToString(); } private static void DisplayUsage() { Console.WriteLine("To start the client specify:"); Console.WriteLine("clientSync machineName [serverName]"); Environment.Exit(1); } public static void Main(string[] args) { string machineName = null; machineName = "192.168.1.25"; try { RunClient(machineName); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } Console.ReadLine(); } } } }
运行效果如下图:
导致通讯失败可能问题如下:
1)证书没有导入到受信任的根证书列表中;2)证书失效;3)客户端在使用AuthenticateAsClient注册时没有正确使用服务器端证书名称。
二、 双向认证
第1步:创建所需证书,服务器端所需证书同单向认证中的创建过程
先进入到vs2005的命令行状态,即:
开始–>程序–>Microsoft Visual Studio 2005–>Visual Studio Tools–>Visual Studio 2005 命令提示
键入:
makecert -r -pe -n “CN=TestClient” -ss Root -sky exchange
第2步:创建服务端程序
服务端的程序同单向认证的服务器端代码
第3步:创建客户端程序
namespace ConsoleAppClient { using System; using System.Collections; using System.Net.Security; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Security.Authentication; using System.Text; using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; namespace Examples.System.Net { public class SslTcpClient { private static Hashtable certificateErrors = new Hashtable(); // The following method is invoked by the RemoteCertificateValidationDelegate. public static bool ValidateServerCertificate( object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors) { if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None) return true; Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors); // Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers. return false; } public static void RunClient(string machineName) { // Create a TCP/IP client socket. // machineName is the host running the server application. TcpClient client = new TcpClient(machineName, 901); Console.WriteLine("Client connected."); // Create an SSL stream that will close the client's stream. SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false, new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(ValidateServerCertificate), null); // The server name must match the name on the server certificate. X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.Root); store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite); //// 检索证书 X509Certificate2Collection certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "TestClient", false); try { sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient("TestServer", certs, SslProtocols.Tls, false); } catch (AuthenticationException e) { Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message); if (e.InnerException != null) { Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message); } Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection."); client.Close(); return; } // Encode a test message into a byte array. // Signal the end of the message using the "<EOF>". byte[] messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the client.<EOF>"); // Send hello message to the server. sslStream.Write(messsage); sslStream.Flush(); // Read message from the server. string serverMessage = ReadMessage(sslStream); Console.WriteLine("Server says: {0}", serverMessage); messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("exit"); sslStream.Write(messsage); sslStream.Flush(); // Close the client connection. client.Close(); Console.WriteLine("Client closed."); } static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream) { // Read the message sent by the server. // The end of the message is signaled using the // "<EOF>" marker. byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder(); int bytes = -1; do { bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); // Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8 // in case a character spans two buffers. Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder(); char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes)]; decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0); messageData.Append(chars); // Check for EOF. if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("<EOF>") != -1) { break; } } while (bytes != 0); return messageData.ToString(); } private static void DisplayUsage() { Console.WriteLine("To start the client specify:"); Console.WriteLine("clientSync machineName [serverName]"); Environment.Exit(1); } public static void Main(string[] args) { string machineName = null; machineName = "192.168.1.25"; try { RunClient(machineName); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } Console.ReadLine(); } } } }
总结
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