在这里,我们将看到如何使用不同的线程以正确的顺序打印数字。在这里,我们将创建n个线程,然后对其进行同步。这个想法是,第一个线程将打印1,然后第二个线程将打印2,依此类推。当一个线程尝试打印时,它将锁定资源,因此没有线程可以使用该部分。
#include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; pthread_cond_t* cond = NULL; int threads; volatile int count = 0; void* sync_thread(void* num) { //this function is used to synchronize the threads int thread_number = *(int*)num; while (1) { pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); //lock the section if (thread_number != count) { //if the thread number is not same as count, put all thread except one into waiting state pthread_cond_wait(&cond[thread_number], &mutex); } printf("%d ", thread_number + 1); //print the thread number count = (count+1)%(threads); //通知下一个线程 pthread_cond_signal(&cond[count]); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); } return NULL; } int main() { pthread_t* thread_id; volatile int i; int* thread_arr; printf("\nEnter number of threads: "); scanf("%d", &threads); //将内存分配给cond(条件变量)线程ID和大小线程数组 cond = (pthread_cond_t*)malloc(sizeof(pthread_cond_t) * threads); thread_id = (pthread_t*)malloc(sizeof(pthread_t) * threads); thread_arr = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * threads); for (i = 0; i < threads; i++) { //create threads thread_arr[i] = i; pthread_create(&thread_id[i], NULL, sync_thread, (void*)&thread_arr[i]); } //等待线程 for (i = 0; i < threads; i++) { pthread_join(thread_id[i], NULL); } return 0; }
输出结果
$ g++ test.cpp -lpthread $ ./a.out Enter number of threads: 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 ... ... ...