数组的倒数表示;将数组转换为排序形式需要多少次更改。当数组已经排序时,它需要进行0次反转,而在另一种情况下,如果将数组反转,则反转次数将最大。
为了解决这个问题,我们将遵循合并排序的方法来减少时间复杂度,并使其采用分而治之算法。
Input: A sequence of numbers. (1, 5, 6, 4, 20). Output: The number of inversions required to arrange the numbers into ascending order. Here the number of inversions are 2. First inversion: (1, 5, 4, 6, 20) Second inversion: (1, 4, 5, 6, 20)
合并(数组,tempArray,左,中,右)
输入: 已合并的两个数组,左,右和中间索引。
输出: 排序后的合并数组。
Begin i := left, j := mid, k := right count := 0 while i <= mid -1 and j <= right, do if array[i] <= array[j], then tempArray[k] := array[i] increase i and k by 1 else tempArray[k] := array[j] increase j and k by 1 count := count + (mid - i) done while left part of the array has some extra element, do tempArray[k] := array[i] increase i and k by 1 done while right part of the array has some extra element, do tempArray[k] := array[j] increase j and k by 1 done return count End
mergeSort(array,tempArray,left,right)
输入: 给定一个数组和一个临时数组,该数组的左右索引。
输出-排序后的反转次数。
Begin count := 0 if right > left, then mid := (right + left)/2 count := mergeSort(array, tempArray, left, mid) count := count + mergeSort(array, tempArray, mid+1, right) count := count + merge(array, tempArray, left, mid+1, right) return count End
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int merge(intarr[], int temp[], int left, int mid, int right) { int i, j, k; int count = 0; i = left; //i to locate first array location j = mid; //i to locate second array location k = left; //i to locate merged array location while ((i <= mid - 1) && (j <= right)) { if (arr[i] <= arr[j]) { //when left item is less than right item temp[k++] = arr[i++]; }else{ temp[k++] = arr[j++]; count += (mid - i); //find how many convertion is performed } } while (i <= mid - 1) //if first list has remaining item, add them in the list temp[k++] = arr[i++]; while (j <= right) //if second list has remaining item, add them in the list temp[k++] = arr[j++]; for (i=left; i <= right; i++) arr[i] = temp[i]; //store temp Array to main array return count; } intmergeSort(intarr[], int temp[], int left, int right) { int mid, count = 0; if (right > left) { mid = (right + left)/2; //find mid index of the array count = mergeSort(arr, temp, left, mid); //merge sort left sub array count += mergeSort(arr, temp, mid+1, right); //merge sort right sub array count += merge(arr, temp, left, mid+1, right); //merge two sub arrays } return count; } intarrInversion(intarr[], int n) { int temp[n]; return mergeSort(arr, temp, 0, n - 1); } int main() { intarr[] = {1, 5, 6, 4, 20}; int n = 5; cout<< "Number of inversions are "<<arrInversion(arr, n); }
输出结果
Number of inversions are 2