java.util.concurrent。与只能运行线程的可运行接口相反,可调用对象可以返回线程完成的计算结果。Callable对象返回一个Future对象,该对象提供方法来监视线程正在执行的任务的进度。将来的对象可用于检查Callable的状态,然后在线程完成后从Callable检索结果。它还提供了超时功能。
//submit the callable using ThreadExecutor //and get the result as a Future object Future<Long> result10 = executor.submit(new FactorialService(10)); //get the result using get method of the Future object //get method waits till the thread execution and then return the result of the execution. Long factorial10 = result10.get();
下面的TestThread程序显示了在基于线程的环境中Future和Callables的用法。
import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class TestThread { public static void main(final String[] arguments) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); System.out.println("Factorial Service called for 10!"); Future<Long> result10 = executor.submit(new FactorialService(10)); System.out.println("Factorial Service called for 20!"); Future<Long> result20 = executor.submit(new FactorialService(20)); Long factorial10 = result10.get(); System.out.println("10! = " + factorial10); Long factorial20 = result20.get(); System.out.println("20! = " + factorial20); executor.shutdown(); } static class FactorialService implements Callable<Long> { private int number; public FactorialService(int number) { this.number = number; } @Override public Long call() throws Exception { return factorial(); } private Long factorial() throws InterruptedException { long result = 1; while (number != 0) { result = number * result; number--; Thread.sleep(100); } return result; } } }
这将产生以下结果。
输出结果
Factorial Service called for 10! Factorial Service called for 20! 10! = 3628800 20! = 2432902008176640000