抽象关键字用于声明方法抽象方法和抽象类。一旦方法被声明为抽象,我们就不应该为这些方法指定主体。一旦类被声明为抽象,就无法实例化。
abstract class Employee { private String name; private String address; private int number; public Employee(String name, String address, int number) { System.out.println("Constructing an Employee"); this.name = name; this.address = address; this.number = number; } public double computePay() { System.out.println("Inside Employee computePay"); return 0.0; } public void mailCheck() { System.out.println("Mailing a check to " + this.name + " " + this.address); } public String toString() { return name + " " + address + " " + number; } } public class AbstractDemo extends Employee{ public AbstractDemo(String name, String address, int number) { super(name, address, number); } public static void main(String [] args) { Employee e = new AbstractDemo("George W.", "Houston, TX", 43); System.out.println("\n Call mailCheck using Employee reference--"); e.mailCheck(); } }
输出结果
Constructing an Employee Call mailCheck using Employee reference-- Mailing a check to George W. Houston, TX
在最后的修饰可以与方法,类和变量相关。一旦声明为final,就无法实例化final类,就不能覆盖final方法。最终变量不能重新分配。
class TestExample { final int value = 10; public static final int BOXWIDTH = 6; static final String TITLE = "Manager"; public final void changeName() { System.out.println("This is a final method"); } } final class Demo{ } public class FinalExample extends TestExample { public static void main(String args[]){ FinalExample obj = new FinalExample(); System.out.println(obj.value); System.out.println(obj.BOXWIDTH); System.out.println(obj.TITLE); obj.changeName(); } }
输出结果
10 6 Manager This is a final method
的同步关键字用于指示的方法只能由一个th2hread在一个时间访问。同步修改器可以与四个访问级别修改器中的任何一个一起应用。
public class TestThread { public static Object Lock1 = new Object(); public static Object Lock2 = new Object(); public static void main(String args[]) { ThreadDemo1 T1 = new ThreadDemo1(); ThreadDemo2 T2 = new ThreadDemo2(); T1.start(); T2.start(); } private static class ThreadDemo1 extends Thread { public void run() { synchronized (Lock1) { System.out.println("Thread 1: Holding lock 1..."); try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) {} System.out.println("Thread 1: Waiting for lock 2..."); synchronized (Lock2) { System.out.println("Thread 1: Holding lock 1 & 2..."); } } } } private static class ThreadDemo2 extends Thread { public void run() { synchronized (Lock2) { System.out.println("Thread 2: Holding lock 2..."); try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) {} System.out.println("Thread 2: Waiting for lock 1..."); synchronized (Lock1) { System.out.println("Thread 2: Holding lock 1 & 2..."); } } } } }
输出结果
Thread 1: Holding lock 1... Thread 2: Holding lock 2... Thread 1: Waiting for lock 2... Thread 2: Waiting for lock 1...