在这个问题上,我们得到一个字符串。Q查询每个都有两个整数l和r以及字符ch。我们的任务是创建一个程序来解决C ++中子字符串中字符频率的查询。
问题描述:在这里,对于每个查询,我们将在子字符串str [l ... r]中找到字符“ ch”的出现频率。
让我们举个例子来了解这个问题,
str = “nhooo” Q = 2 0 6 t 5 13 i
输出结果
2 2
对于查询1-子字符串为“ tutoria”,字符t出现2次。
对于查询2-子字符串为“ ialspoint”,字符i出现2次
解决该问题的简便方法是将每个Querry的弦从l遍历到r,并计算弦中ch的出现。
该程序说明了我们解决方案的工作原理,
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; struct Query{ int l, r; char ch; }; int CalcCharFreq(string str, Query queries){ int count = 0; for(int i = queries.l; i < queries.r; i++){ if(str[i] == queries.ch ) count++; } return count; } int main(){ string str = "nhooo"; int Q = 2; Query queries[Q]; queries[0].l = 0; queries[0].r = 5; queries[0].ch = 't'; queries[1].l = 5; queries[1].r = 13; queries[1].ch = 'i'; for(int i = 0; i<Q; i++) cout<<"For Query "<<(i+1)<<": The frequency of occurrence of character '"<<queries[i].ch<<"' is "<<CalcCharFreq(str, queries[i])<<"\n"; return 0; }
输出结果
For Query 1: The frequency of occurrence of character 't' is 2 For Query 2: The frequency of occurrence of character 'i' is 2
解决问题的另一种方法是使用预先计算的数组。在这里,我们将创建一个2D数组,该数组将存储直到特定索引的字符频率,即freq [3] [2]将在索引2处存储字符'c'的频率。最初,所有频率均为0。
然后,我们将预先计算每个索引值处字符的频率。之后,我们通过从索引r处减去索引l处的出现频率,来找到该字符的频率。
让我们举个例子来了解这个问题,
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int charFreq[100][26]; struct Query{ int l, r; char ch; }; void countCharFreq(string str, int size){ memset(charFreq, 0, sizeof(int)); for (int i = 0; i < size; i++){ charFreq[i][str[i] - 'a']++; } for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 26; j++) charFreq[i][j] += charFreq[i - 1][j] ; } } int CalcCharFreq(Query queries){ return charFreq[queries.r][queries.ch - 'a'] - charFreq[queries.l][queries.ch - 'a']; } int main(){ string str = "nhooo"; int size = str.length(); int Q = 2; countCharFreq(str, size); Query queries[Q]; queries[0].l = 1; queries[0].r = 13; queries[0].ch = 't'; queries[1].l = 4; queries[1].r = 13; queries[1].ch = 'i'; for(int i = 0; i<Q; i++) cout<<"For Query "<<(i+1)<<": The frequency of occurrence of character '"<<queries[i].ch<<"' is " <<CalcCharFreq( queries[i])<<"\n"; return 0; }
输出结果
For Query 1: The frequency of occurrence of character 't' is 2 For Query 2: The frequency of occurrence of character 'i' is 2