现在Docker是地球上最炙手可热的项目之一，就意味着人民实际上不仅仅是因为这个才喜欢它。
话虽如此，我非常喜欢使用容器，服务发现以及所有被创造出的新趣的点子和领域来切换工作作为范例。
这个文章中我会简要介绍使用python中的docker-py模块来操作Docker 容器，这里会使用我喜爱的编程工具IPython。
安装docker-py
首先需要docker-py。注意这里的案例中我将会使用Ubuntu Trusty 14.04版本。
$ pip install docker-py
IPyhton
我真的很喜欢用IPython来探索Python。 它像是一共高级的python Shell，但是可以做的更多。
$ sudo apt-get install ipython SNIP! $ ipython Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.IPython 1.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]:
安装 docker
如果没有安装Docker，那首先安装docker
$ sudo apt-get install docker.io
$ alias docker='docker.io' $ docker version Client version: 0.9.1 Go version (client): go1.2.1 Git commit (client): 3600720 Server version: 0.9.1 Git commit (server): 3600720 Go version (server): go1.2.1 Last stable version: 0.11.1, please update docker
$ ls /var/run/docker.sock /var/run/docker.sock
Pull 镜像
让我们下载 busybox镜像
$ docker pull busybox Pulling repository busybox 71e18d715071: Download complete 98b9fdab1cb6: Download complete 1277aa3f93b3: Download complete 6e0a2595b580: Download complete 511136ea3c5a: Download complete b6c0d171b362: Download complete 8464f9ac64e8: Download complete 9798716626f6: Download complete fc1343e2fca0: Download complete f3c823ac7aa6: Download complete
使用 docker-py
现在我们有了docker-py , IPython, Docker 和 busybox 镜像，我们就能建立一些容器。
如果你不是很熟悉IPython，可以参照这个教程学习（http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/stable/interactive/tutorial.html），
IPython是十分强大的。
首先启动一个IPython ，导入docker模块。
$ ipython Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.IPython 1.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]: import docker
In [2]: c = docker.Client(base_url='unix://var/run/docker.sock', ...: version='1.9', ...: timeout=10)
IPython使用tab键来补全的。 如果 输入 “c.” 然后按下tab键，IPython会显示Docker连接对象所有的方法和属性。
In [3]: c. c.adapters c.headers c.pull c.attach c.history c.push c.attach_socket c.hooks c.put c.auth c.images c.remove_container c.base_url c.import_image c.remove_image c.build c.info c.request c.cert c.insert c.resolve_redirects c.close c.inspect_container c.restart c.commit c.inspect_image c.search c.containers c.kill c.send c.cookies c.login c.start c.copy c.logs c.stop c.create_container c.max_redirects c.stream c.create_container_from_config c.mount c.tag c.delete c.options c.top c.diff c.params c.trust_env c.events c.patch c.verify c.export c.port c.version c.get c.post c.wait c.get_adapter c.prepare_request c.head c.proxies
In [5]: c.images? Type: instancemethod String Form:<bound method Client.images of <docker.client.Client object at 0x7f3acc731790>> File: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/docker/client.py Definition: c.images(self, name=None, quiet=False, all=False, viz=False) Docstring: <no docstring>
In [6]: c.images(name="busybox")
Out[6]:
[{u'Created': 1401402591,
u'Id': u'71e18d715071d6ba89a041d1e696b3d201e82a7525fbd35e2763b8e066a3e4de',
u'ParentId': u'8464f9ac64e87252a91be3fbb99cee20cda3188de5365bec7975881f389be343',
u'RepoTags': [u'busybox:buildroot-2013.08.1'],
u'Size': 0,
u'VirtualSize': 2489301},
{u'Created': 1401402590,
u'Id': u'1277aa3f93b3da774690bc4f0d8bf257ff372e23310b4a5d3803c180c0d64cd5',
u'ParentId': u'f3c823ac7aa6ef78d83f19167d5e2592d2c7f208058bc70bf5629d4bb4ab996c',
u'RepoTags': [u'busybox:ubuntu-14.04'],
u'Size': 0,
u'VirtualSize': 5609404},
{u'Created': 1401402589,
u'Id': u'6e0a2595b5807b4f8c109f3c6c5c3d59c9873a5650b51a4480b61428427ab5d8',
u'ParentId': u'fc1343e2fca04a455f803ba66d1865739e0243aca6c9d5fd55f4f73f1e28456e',
u'RepoTags': [u'busybox:ubuntu-12.04'],
u'Size': 0,
u'VirtualSize': 5454693},
{u'Created': 1401402587,
u'Id': u'98b9fdab1cb6e25411eea5c44241561326c336d3e0efae86e0239a1fe56fbfd4',
u'ParentId': u'9798716626f6ae4e6b7f28451c0a1a603dc534fe5d9dd3900150114f89386216',
u'RepoTags': [u'busybox:buildroot-2014.02', u'busybox:latest'],
u'Size': 0,
u'VirtualSize': 2433303}]
In [8]: c.create_container(image="busybox", command="env")
Out[8]:
{u'Id': u'584459a09e6d4180757cb5c10ac354ca46a32bf8e122fa3fb71566108f330c87',
u'Warnings': None}
In [9]: c.start(container="584459a09e6d4180757cb5c10ac354ca46a32bf8e122fa3fb71566108f330c87")
In [11]: c.logs(container="584459a09e6d4180757cb5c10ac354ca46a32bf8e122fa3fb71566108f330c87") Out[11]: 'HOME=/\nPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\nHOSTNAME=584459a09e6d\n'
$ docker run busybox env HOME=/ PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HOSTNAME=ce3ad38a52bf
以下是一个案例：
In [17]: busybox = c.create_container(image="busybox", command="echo hi")In [18]: busybox? Type: dict String Form:{u'Id': u'34ede853ee0e95887ea333523d559efae7dcbe6ae7147aa971c544133a72e254', u'Warnings': None} Length: 2 Docstring: dict() -> new empty dictionary dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: d = {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] = v dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
In [19]: c.start(busybox.get("Id"))
In [20]: c.logs(busybox.get("Id")) Out[20]: 'hi\n'
总结
Docker是一个吸引人的新系统，可以用来建立有趣的新技术应用，特别是云服务相关的。使用IPython我们探索了怎么使用
docker-py模块来创建docker 容器。 现在使用python，我们可以结合docker和容易 创造出很多新的点子。